Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Food Res Int. 2019 Dec;126:108715. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108715. Epub 2019 Oct 9.
Untargeted metabolomics was used in this study to discriminate the phenolic fingerprints of six Syzygium species. This approach resulted in the annotation of 441 compounds that belong to different phenolic classes, such as flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes, tyrosols, alkylphenols, and phenolic acids. Multivariate data analysis unraveled the main differences between the studied species. S. paniculatum and S. aqueum were the richest sources in terms of phenolic compounds, cumulatively amounting to 355.3 and 266.4 mg/g dry matter, respectively. Nevertheless, S. jambos showed reduced amounts of phenolics, when compared with other species. The biological activity of Syzygium leaf extracts was assessed on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Potent estrogenic activity was detected using the SRB assay on MCF-7. This activity may be ascribable to the presence of phenolic compounds miming phytoestrogens such as lignans, stilbenes, and isoflavonoids in the investigated Syzygium extracts. By examining the biological effect of Syzygium extracts against MDA-MB-231 cell lines, the Syzygium gratum leaf extract exhibited the strongest inhibition, with IC = 19.4 µg/mL, followed by S. paniculatum (IC = 50.9 µg/mL). However, the Syzygium gratum leaf extract showed a potent cytotoxic effect on normal human skin fibroblasts, HSF (IC = 1.24 µg/mL), assuming a nonselective cytotoxic effect. On the other hand, other studied Syzygium leaves proved as safe nutraceuticals (IC ≥ 100 µg/mL) on HSF cell lines. Our study suggested a possible implication of Syzygium malaccense and Syzygium aqueum leaves as potential estrogenic candidates in relation to their health-promoting phenolic constituents.
本研究采用非靶向代谢组学方法来区分 6 种蒲桃属植物的酚类指纹图谱。该方法鉴定出 441 种化合物，这些化合物属于不同的酚类，如类黄酮、木脂素、芪类、酪醇、烷基酚和酚酸。多元数据分析揭示了研究物种之间的主要差异。就酚类化合物而言，S. paniculatum 和 S. aqueum 是最丰富的来源，分别累积达到 355.3 和 266.4 mg/g 干物质。然而，与其他物种相比，S. jambos 的酚类物质含量较少。评估了蒲桃属植物叶提取物对 MCF-7 乳腺癌腺癌细胞和 MDA-MB-231 乳腺癌细胞系的生物活性。使用 SRB 测定法在 MCF-7 中检测到有效的雌激素活性。这种活性可能归因于所研究的蒲桃属植物提取物中存在模拟植物雌激素的酚类化合物，如木脂素、芪类和异黄酮。通过检查蒲桃属植物提取物对 MDA-MB-231 细胞系的生物效应，发现 Syzygium gratum 叶提取物具有最强的抑制作用，IC=19.4 µg/mL，其次是 S. paniculatum（IC=50.9 µg/mL）。然而，Syzygium gratum 叶提取物对正常人类皮肤成纤维细胞 HSF（IC=1.24 µg/mL）表现出很强的细胞毒性，表明其具有非选择性细胞毒性作用。另一方面，其他研究的蒲桃属植物叶提取物对 HSF 细胞系表现出安全的营养保健品特性（IC≥100 µg/mL）。我们的研究表明，Syzygium malaccense 和 Syzygium aqueum 叶可能作为具有雌激素活性的候选物质，与它们具有促进健康的酚类成分有关。
