Shanghai Food Safety and Engineering Technology Research Center, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.
Food Res Int. 2019 Dec;126:108591. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108591. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
Anthocyanins exist likely as complexes with flavones/metal ions in some plants. However, few studies indicate the complexation effects on bioactivities, i.e. antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of complexes of cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (CY3D5G) with rutin/Mg(II) on intrinsic antioxidant enzymes and mRNA expressions. All complexes exhibited cellular antioxidant activity in RAW264.7 cells, whereas half maximal effective concentration (EC) values of CY3D5G complexes were significantly lower than its alone. Combination indexes of CY3D5G-rutin, CY3D5G-Mg(II), and CY3D5G-rutin-Mg(II) complexes were < 1 (p < .05), indicating of synergistic effects. Additionally, CY3D5G-Mg(II) rather than others significantly enhanced total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity while reducing malonic dialdehyde contents in HO-induced RAW264.7 cell model (p < 0.05), which were further confirmed with the up-regulated mRNA expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the down-regulated p21 (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that CY3D5G and its complexes might enhance cellular antioxidant activities via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Additionally, a synergistic antioxidant effect of CY3D5G in the present of rutin/ Mg(II) as regular food components was evident, suggesting anthocyanin might interact with dietary components such as Mg(II) or rutin in food matrix or biological systems and exhibit a stronger antioxidant activity than it alone. The Mg (II) that exhibited no antioxidant activities alone shows potential as a co-adjuvant for the anthocyanin antioxidant activity.
花色苷可能与某些植物中的类黄酮/金属离子形成复合物。然而，很少有研究表明这种复合物对生物活性（如抗氧化活性）的影响。本研究旨在评估矢车菊素-3-二葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷（CY3D5G）与芦丁/镁（II）复合物对固有抗氧化酶和 mRNA 表达的影响。所有复合物在 RAW264.7 细胞中均表现出细胞抗氧化活性，而 CY3D5G 复合物的半数有效浓度（EC）值明显低于其单独存在的 EC 值。CY3D5G-芦丁、CY3D5G-镁（II）和 CY3D5G-芦丁-镁（II）复合物的组合指数均小于 1（p＜0.05），表明具有协同作用。此外，与其他复合物相比，CY3D5G-Mg（II）显著增强了总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性，同时降低了 HO 诱导的 RAW264.7 细胞模型中的丙二醛含量（p＜0.05），这进一步得到了核因子 E2 相关因子 2（Nrf2）和血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）mRNA 表达上调以及 p21 下调的证实（p＜0.05）。我们的结果表明，CY3D5G 及其复合物可能通过 Nrf2/HO-1 信号通路增强细胞抗氧化活性。此外，作为常规食物成分的 CY3D5G 与芦丁/镁（II）之间存在协同抗氧化作用，表明花色苷可能在食物基质或生物系统中与镁（II）或芦丁等膳食成分相互作用，表现出比单独存在更强的抗氧化活性。单独没有抗氧化活性的镁（II）可能作为花色苷抗氧化活性的辅助剂。
