School of Basic Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Berkeley, CA 95616, USA.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2019 Nov;14(21):2873-2889. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0180. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are evaluated for their potential of treating a plethora of diseases, including cancer and inflammation. Short nucleic acids, such as miRNAs, have emerged as versatile regulators for gene expression and are studied for therapeutic purposes. However, their inherent instability following enteral and parenteral administration has prompted the development of novel methodologies for their delivery. Although research on the oral delivery of siRNAs is progressing, with the development and utilization of promising carrier-based methodologies for the treatment of a plethora of gastrointestinal diseases, research on miRNA-based oral therapeutics is lagging behind. In this review, we present the potential role of miRNAs in diseases of the GI tract, and analyze current research and the cardinal features of the novel carrier systems used for nucleic acid oral delivery that can be expanded for oral miRNA administration.
核酸类药物因其在治疗多种疾病（包括癌症和炎症）方面的潜力而受到评估。短链核酸如 miRNAs 已成为基因表达的多功能调节剂，并被研究用于治疗目的。然而，由于其在肠内和肠外给药后的固有不稳定性，促使人们开发了新的方法来进行其递送。尽管 siRNA 的口服递送研究正在取得进展，并且有多种有前途的基于载体的方法被开发并应用于治疗多种胃肠道疾病，但 miRNA 基于口服治疗的研究却相对滞后。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了 miRNAs 在胃肠道疾病中的潜在作用，并分析了当前的研究和新型核酸口服递药载体系统的主要特征，这些特征可以扩展用于口服 miRNA 给药。
