Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2019 Dec;52:151-157. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.011. Epub 2019 Nov 15.
Temperature serves as a fundamental signal in biological systems. In some microbial pathogens of humans, mammalian body temperature triggers establishment and maintenance of a developmental program that allows the microbe to survive and thrive in the host. Histoplasma capsulatum is one of a group of fungal pathogens called thermally dimorphic fungi, all of which respond to mammalian body temperature by converting from an environmental mold form that inhabits the soil into a parasitic form that causes disease in the host. It has been known for decades that temperature is a key signal that is sufficient to trigger the switch from the soil to host form (and vice versa) in the laboratory. Recent molecular studies have identified a number of key regulators that are required to specify each of the developmental forms in response to temperature. Here we review the regulatory circuits that govern temperature-dependent dimorphism in Histoplasma.
温度是生物系统中的基本信号。在一些人类病原体微生物中，哺乳动物体温引发了一个发育程序的建立和维持，使微生物能够在宿主体内存活和繁殖。荚膜组织胞浆菌是一组被称为温度双相真菌的真菌病原体之一，所有这些病原体都通过从栖息在土壤中的环境霉菌形式转换为在宿主中引起疾病的寄生形式来响应哺乳动物体温。几十年来，人们已经知道温度是一个关键信号，足以在实验室中触发从土壤到宿主形式（反之亦然）的转变。最近的分子研究已经确定了一些关键的调节剂，这些调节剂需要根据温度来指定每种发育形式。在这里，我们回顾了控制荚膜组织胞浆菌温度依赖性双态性的调节回路。
