Department of pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
Diagn Pathol. 2019 Nov 18;14(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s13000-019-0909-y.
Sex cord-like elements are rarely observed in uterine lesions, but these morphological patterns could appear in a variety of uterine tumors and non-tumorous lesions. In this review, we collected the literatures regarding the uterine tumorous and non-tumorous lesions containing sex cord-like elements and summarized these lesions in terms of clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features in order to further understand these lesions and provide some new ideas for differential diagnosis.
This section provides a comprehensive overview of the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of uterine lesions with sex cord-like architectures including uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors, endometrial stromal tumors, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, leiomyoma, epithelioid leiomyosarcoma, adenosarcoma, sertoliform endometrioid carcinoma, corded and hyalinized endometrioid carcinoma, mesonephric adenocarcinoma, and mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma. The differential diagnosis based on morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular alterations has also been discussed.
The sex cord-like areas in these lesions show heterogeneous but similar morphological features. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining plays a limited role in differential diagnosis. Furthermore, it is of significance for pathologists to better understand these lesions in order to avoid confusion and mistakes during pathological diagnosis, especially in a biopsy/curettage specimen.
索状性索细胞成分在子宫病变中很少见，但这些形态模式可能出现在各种子宫肿瘤和非肿瘤性病变中。在这篇综述中，我们收集了关于含有索状性索细胞成分的子宫肿瘤性和非肿瘤性病变的文献，并根据临床病理、免疫组织化学和分子特征对这些病变进行了总结，以便进一步了解这些病变，并为鉴别诊断提供一些新的思路。
本节全面概述了具有索状结构的子宫病变的临床病理、免疫组织化学和分子特征，包括类似于卵巢性索肿瘤的子宫肿瘤、子宫内膜间质肿瘤、腺肌病、子宫内膜息肉、平滑肌瘤、上皮样平滑肌肉瘤、腺肉瘤、索状和透明细胞子宫内膜癌、中肾腺癌和中肾样腺癌。还讨论了基于形态、免疫组织化学和分子改变的鉴别诊断。
这些病变中的索状区域表现出异质性但相似的形态特征。此外，免疫组织化学染色在鉴别诊断中的作用有限。此外，病理学家更好地了解这些病变对于避免病理诊断中的混淆和错误非常重要，尤其是在活检/刮宫标本中。
