Ngajilo Dorothy, Adams Shahieda, Kincl Laurel, Guernsey Judith, Jeebhay Mohamed F
Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
College of Public Health and Human Sciences, 114B Milam Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA.
J Agromedicine. 2023 Apr;28(2):321-333. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2022.2058139. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
The Tanzanian aquaculture industry represents great potential for food production and jobs; however, the potential occupational hazards and health risks associated with the sector have not been assessed. The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping analysis of the status of occupational health and safety based on current Tanzanian aquaculture activities, specifically in the fish farming and seaweed farming sectors.
Relevant information for the scoping analysis was obtained through aquaculture site visits and worker observation, interviews with key aquaculture stakeholders, and a review of literature relevant to the Tanzanian aquaculture sector published in scientific communications as well as grey literature.
The study shows that the Tanzanian aquaculture industry is still in nascent stages, especially in relation to occupational health and safety despite some well-established isolated operations in the country. The industry is dominated by small-scale fish and seaweed farmers, the majority of whom work in the informal and semi-formal sectors. Tanzanian aquaculture workers are exposed to a number of occupational hazards and their associated health effects have been poorly characterized. Substantial gender disparities exist within the sector, which together with climate change, impact worker health and safety.
Future research should focus on characterizing occupational exposures and documenting the associated health effects in Tanzanian aquaculture workers. Standardized methods should be used for this purpose to take into account gender disparities as well as the impact of climate change on occupational health and safety of these vulnerable workers.
坦桑尼亚的水产养殖业在粮食生产和就业方面具有巨大潜力；然而，该行业相关的潜在职业危害和健康风险尚未得到评估。本研究的目的是基于坦桑尼亚当前的水产养殖活动，特别是在养鱼和海藻养殖领域，对职业健康与安全状况进行范围界定分析。
通过对水产养殖场地的实地考察和工人观察、与水产养殖关键利益相关者的访谈以及对发表在科学文献和灰色文献中与坦桑尼亚水产养殖部门相关的文献进行综述，获取范围界定分析的相关信息。
研究表明，坦桑尼亚的水产养殖业仍处于起步阶段，尤其是在职业健康与安全方面，尽管该国已有一些成熟的独立运营企业。该行业以小规模养鱼户和海藻养殖户为主，其中大多数人在非正规和半正规部门工作。坦桑尼亚的水产养殖工人面临多种职业危害，且其相关健康影响尚未得到充分描述。该行业存在显著的性别差异，这与气候变化一起，影响着工人的健康与安全。
未来的研究应聚焦于描述坦桑尼亚水产养殖工人的职业暴露情况，并记录相关的健康影响。为此应采用标准化方法，以考虑性别差异以及气候变化对这些弱势工人职业健康与安全的影响。
