Centre for Behavioural Biology, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Jan;108:269-286. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.008. Epub 2019 Nov 17.
Validated measures of animal affect are crucial to research spanning numerous disciplines. Judgement bias, which assesses decision-making under ambiguity, is a promising measure of animal affect. One way of validating this measure is to administer drugs with affect-altering properties in humans to non-human animals and determine whether the predicted judgement biases are observed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using data from 20 published research articles that use this approach, from which 557 effect sizes were extracted. Pharmacological manipulations overall altered judgement bias at the probe cues as predicted. However, there were several moderating factors including the neurobiological target of the drug, whether the drug induced a relatively positive or negative affective state in humans, dosage, and the presented cue. This may partially reflect interference from adverse effects of the drug which should be considered when interpreting results. Thus, the overall pattern of change in animal judgement bias appears to reflect the affect-altering properties of drugs in humans, and hence may be a valuable measure of animal affective valence.
有效的动物情感测量对于跨越多个学科的研究至关重要。判断偏差可以评估在模糊情境下的决策，是一种很有前途的动物情感测量方法。验证这种方法的一种方式是在非人类动物身上使用具有情感改变特性的药物，并确定是否观察到预测的判断偏差。我们使用了来自 20 篇已发表的研究文章的数据进行了系统综述和荟萃分析，从中提取了 557 个效应量。药物的药理学干预总体上如预测的那样改变了探针线索的判断偏差。然而，有几个调节因素包括药物的神经生物学靶点、药物在人类中引起的是相对积极还是消极的情绪状态、剂量以及呈现的线索。这可能部分反映了药物的不良反应的干扰，在解释结果时应考虑到这些干扰。因此，动物判断偏差的整体变化模式似乎反映了药物在人类中的情感改变特性，因此可能是评估动物情感效价的一种有价值的方法。
