Dow Cory, Ahmad Sajjad, Stave Krystyna, Gerrity Daniel
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada.
Carollo Engineers Las Vegas Nevada.
AWWA Water Sci. 2019 Jul-Aug;1(4):e1153. doi: 10.1002/aws2.1153. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
This case study presents a framework for evaluating the sustainability of indirect potable reuse (IPR) and direct potable reuse (DPR) in Las Vegas, Nevada. A system dynamics model was developed to simulate population growth, water supply, water quality, energy costs, net present worth (NPW), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The model confirmed that DPR could achieve a net reduction in energy costs of up to US$250 million while still ensuring an adequate water supply. However, the high NPW of DPR ($1.0-$4.0 billion) relative to the status quo IPR approach ($0.6 billion) represents a significant economic hurdle, although future monetization of salt loadings and GHGs could reduce that disparity. DPR with ozone-biofiltration would also be hindered by an estimated concentration of total dissolved solids of up to 1,300 mg/L. Despite these barriers to implementation in Las Vegas, certain site-specific conditions may make DPR more attractive in other locations.
本案例研究提出了一个评估内华达州拉斯维加斯间接饮用水回用（IPR）和直接饮用水回用（DPR）可持续性的框架。开发了一个系统动力学模型来模拟人口增长、供水、水质、能源成本、净现值（NPW）和温室气体（GHG）排放。该模型证实，直接饮用水回用可以实现高达2.5亿美元的能源成本净降低，同时仍能确保充足的供水。然而，与现状的间接饮用水回用方法（6亿美元）相比，直接饮用水回用的高净现值（10亿至40亿美元）代表了一个重大的经济障碍，尽管未来盐负荷和温室气体的货币化可能会缩小这一差距。采用臭氧生物过滤的直接饮用水回用也会受到总溶解固体估计浓度高达1300毫克/升的阻碍。尽管在拉斯维加斯实施存在这些障碍，但某些特定地点的条件可能会使直接饮用水回用在其他地区更具吸引力。
