Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Plant Reproductive Biology, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany; Division of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agriculture Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Biotechnol Adv. 2020 May-Jun;40:107484. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107484. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Triticeae cereals are among the most important crop plants grown worldwide and being used for animal feed, food and beverages. Although breeding efforts evolved over the last ten thousand years our today's crop plants, biotechnological methods would help to speed up the process and incorporate traits impossible by conventional breeding. The main research topics were related to cover the future demand on our agricultural practices to supply sufficient food for a growing world population. Target traits are resistances against viral and fungal diseases, improvement of water and nitrogen use efficiency, to tackle plant architecture, both below and aboveground and to develop varieties that could grow on dry or salty locations. Other applications are considering accumulation of useful compounds or decreasing allergenicity. This review will summarize methods to generate the material including a section how genome engineering using gRNA/Cas (CRISPR/Cas) technology could further improve the methodology and will give an overview about recent and future applications.
小麦族作物是全球最重要的农作物之一，被广泛用于动物饲料、食品和饮料。尽管在过去的一万年中，育种工作不断发展，但生物技术方法将有助于加快这一进程，并将传统育种无法实现的特性融入其中。主要的研究课题涉及满足未来农业实践的需求，以向不断增长的世界人口供应足够的食物。目标性状包括对病毒和真菌病的抗性、提高水和氮的利用效率、解决地上和地下植物结构、开发能够在干旱或盐碱地生长的品种。其他应用包括考虑积累有用的化合物或降低致敏性。本综述将总结产生材料的方法，包括利用 gRNA/Cas（CRISPR/Cas）技术进行基因组工程如何进一步改进该方法，并概述最近和未来的应用。
