Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.
Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2019 Dec;74:101782. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101782. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
Previous literature has focused on impaired social and occupational functioning in Bipolar Disorder (BD), however this ignores people who may be functioning well or even exceptionally. This paper presents the first systematic review of how functioning is measured and the range of functioning observed in BD to aid applied research and practice in this area. Identified measures from studies reporting use of a social and/or occupational functioning measure in BD were organised according to frequency of use over the last 10 years, resulting in six measures (Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), Social and Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFAS), Social Adjustment Scale (SAS)), Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and LIFE-Range of Impaired Functioning (LIFE-RIFT). Descriptive statistics of sample scores were extracted and pooled to provide cross-study values for each measure. Around 16% of individuals with BD can be estimated to function at a high level, defined as those falling within two standard deviations of the mean score on each measure. Evidence of a ceiling effect for some measures suggests that BD functioning may have been underestimated during measure development. Future research is needed to further understand higher functioning in people with BD, and factors which may support this.
先前的文献主要关注双相情感障碍 (BD) 患者社会和职业功能受损的情况，但这忽略了那些可能功能良好甚至异常的患者。本文首次对 BD 患者的功能评估方法和观察到的功能范围进行了系统回顾，旨在为该领域的应用研究和实践提供帮助。根据过去 10 年使用社会和/或职业功能评估的研究中报告的测量方法，对其进行了组织，结果确定了六种测量方法（总体功能评估 (GAF)、快速功能评估测试 (FAST)、社会和职业功能量表 (SOFAS)、社会适应量表 (SAS)）、社会功能量表 (SFS) 和 LIFE 受损功能范围 (LIFE-RIFT)。提取了样本得分的描述性统计数据并进行了汇总，为每个测量方法提供了跨研究的数值。大约 16%的 BD 患者可以被估计为功能水平较高，定义为每个测量方法的平均值的两个标准差内的分数。一些测量方法存在上限效应的证据表明，在测量方法的开发过程中，BD 的功能可能被低估了。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解 BD 患者的高功能情况，以及可能支持这种情况的因素。
