Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
Hubei Province Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan, 430070, China.
Chemosphere. 2020 Mar;243:125343. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125343. Epub 2019 Nov 8.
Due to the huge consumption of caffeinated food, beverages and medicines around the world, caffeine has been considered as a most representative pharmaceutically active compound (PhAC) pollutant based on its high abundance in environment and its indicator property for anthropogenic inputs of PhACs to water bodies. This review analyzed the existing literature about the bioaccumulation and environmental risks of caffeine residues in non-target organisms. There are 6 studies which were published in the last 5 years have reported the distribution of caffeine in tissues of aquatic organisms including fishes, clams, macroalgae and other aquatic plants, suggesting bioaccumulation of caffeine in organisms. The maximum detected levels of caffeine residues in tissues ranged from 1.55 to 344.9 ng/g. Importantly, definitive evidences have been provided that environmentally relevant caffeine concentrations exert adverse impacts on aquatic species and terrestrial insects, which included lethality, decreasing general stress, inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, affecting energy reserves and metabolic activity, neurotoxic effects, affecting reproduction and development, etc. In view of the severity and potential adverse impacts of caffeine pollution in the environment, we proposed that caffeine should be considered as a high-priority environmentally hazardous PhAC pollutant, and it is necessary to implement an ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) program targeting caffeine to minimize its environmental load from a pharmacy perspective.
由于全球范围内对含咖啡因的食品、饮料和药品的大量消耗，咖啡因已被认为是最具代表性的药物活性化合物（PhAC）污染物之一，这是基于其在环境中的高丰度及其作为 PhAC 人为输入到水体的指示物的特性。本综述分析了关于非目标生物中咖啡因残留的生物累积和环境风险的现有文献。在过去的 5 年中，有 6 项研究报道了咖啡因在包括鱼类、贝类、大型藻类和其他水生植物在内的水生生物组织中的分布情况，表明咖啡因在生物体内有累积。在组织中检测到的咖啡因残留的最高水平范围从 1.55 到 344.9ng/g。重要的是，已有明确证据表明，环境相关浓度的咖啡因对水生生物和陆地昆虫产生不利影响，包括致死、降低一般应激、诱导氧化应激和脂质过氧化、影响能量储备和代谢活性、神经毒性作用、影响繁殖和发育等。鉴于咖啡因污染在环境中的严重性和潜在的不利影响，我们提出咖啡因应被视为一种高优先级的环境危害性 PhAC 污染物，有必要从药学角度实施针对咖啡因的生态药物警戒（EPV）计划，以最小化其环境负荷。
