National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 20, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Vet Scand. 2019 Nov 21;61(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13028-019-0489-6.
The quality of mink feed and raw ingredients affect health and growth. The objectives of this study were to examine the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat mink feed and its raw ingredients, screen the plant part of the feed for mycotoxins, and determine the hygiene of the production environment in the feed processing facilities. The results of the study are important for identification of critical steps in the feed production and for formulation of recommendations for improvements of production processes to obtain better quality feed. Feed and swab samples were taken at three Danish mink feed producers October 2016 and May 2017, respectively. Viable counts, detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), influenza virus and filamentous fungi were performed together with qualitative chemical analyses for bioactive fungal metabolites and mycotoxins. Swab samples were analyzed for total viable counts.
Viable counts varied between 7.2 × 10 and 9.3 × 10 cfu/g in raw ingredients and between 10 and 10 cfu/cm on different surfaces at the feed production facilities. A pork meat product, pork haemoglobin, pork liver and a poultry mix was found positive for MRSA, while monophasic Salmonella [4,5,12:i:-] was detected in a pork meat product. Neither MRSA nor Salmonella was detected in any ready-to-eat feed. Influenza A virus was not detected in any sample. Filamentous fungi were detected in all analysed samples of ready-to-eat feed while dihydro-demethyl-sterigmatocystin was found in almost 50% of all ready-to-eat feed samples and in 80% of the sugar beet pulp. Fumonisins and other Fusarium toxins were found especially in corn gluten meal and extruded barley and wheat.
Mink feed contained a cocktail of mycotoxins and bacteria, which may not per se cause clinical disease, but may affect organ function and animal performance and well-being.
水貂饲料和原料的质量会影响水貂的健康和生长。本研究的目的是检测即食水貂饲料及其原料的微生物质量，筛选饲料中的植物部分是否含有真菌毒素，并确定饲料加工设施的生产环境的卫生状况。该研究的结果对于确定饲料生产过程中的关键步骤以及制定改进生产工艺的建议以获得更好质量的饲料非常重要。2016 年 10 月和 2017 年 5 月，分别在丹麦 3 家水貂饲料生产商处采集饲料和拭子样本。进行了活菌计数、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、流感病毒和丝状真菌的检测，以及生物活性真菌代谢物和真菌毒素的定性化学分析。拭子样本用于总活菌计数分析。
原料中的活菌计数在 7.2×10 和 9.3×10cfu/g 之间，在饲料生产设施的不同表面上为 10 和 10cfu/cm。一种猪肉制品、猪血红蛋白、猪肝和禽肉混合物中检测到 MRSA，而单相肠炎沙门氏菌[4,5,12:i:-]则在一种猪肉制品中检出。即食饲料中均未检出 MRSA 或沙门氏菌。未在任何样本中检测到流感 A 病毒。所有即食饲料分析样本中均检测到丝状真菌，而几乎 50%的即食饲料样品和 80%的糖用甜菜浆中均检测到二氢去甲基-交链孢酚。伏马菌素和其他镰刀菌毒素尤其存在于玉米蛋白粉、膨化大麦和小麦中。
水貂饲料中含有真菌毒素和细菌的混合物，这些毒素本身可能不会引起临床疾病，但可能会影响器官功能和动物的表现和健康。
