Yao Mei, Mao Shan-Shan
Department of Neurology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2019 Nov;21(11):1138-1143. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.11.015.
While the survival rate of preterm infants has continually increased with the development of perinatal and neonatal monitoring techniques, the incidence of brain injury in preterm infants has been increasing, resulting in varying degrees of cognitive impairment and movement disorders. Measuring the biomarkers of brain damage is an important means to diagnose brain injury. The biomarkers can be divided into neuroglial damage markers, neuronal damage markers and other markers according to the features of injured cells. The biomarkers widely used in clinical practice include S100B protein, myelin basic protein and neuron-specific enolase. Recent studies have newly discovered a collection of markers that can suggest potential brain injury in preterm infants, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain protein, α-II spectrin breakdown products, chemokines, melatonin and urinary metabolomics. These biomarkers can contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of preterm brain injury, essential for improving neural development and prognosis. This article reviews the latest research advances in the biomarkers of preterm brain injury, in order to provide evidence for the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
随着围产期和新生儿监测技术的发展，早产儿的存活率不断提高，但早产儿脑损伤的发生率却在上升，导致不同程度的认知障碍和运动障碍。测量脑损伤生物标志物是诊断脑损伤的重要手段。根据受损细胞的特征，生物标志物可分为神经胶质损伤标志物、神经元损伤标志物和其他标志物。临床实践中广泛使用的生物标志物包括S100B蛋白、髓鞘碱性蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶。最近的研究新发现了一组可提示早产儿潜在脑损伤的标志物，如胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经丝轻链蛋白、α-II血影蛋白降解产物、趋化因子、褪黑素和尿液代谢组学。这些生物标志物有助于早产儿脑损伤的早期诊断和治疗，这对改善神经发育和预后至关重要。本文综述了早产儿脑损伤生物标志物的最新研究进展，以便为该病的早期诊断和治疗提供依据。
