Rocha Felipe, Dias Ricardo Augusto
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Pan American Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health (PANAFTOSA), Pan American Health Association/World Health Organization, Av. Gov. Leonel de Moura Brizola, 7778, 25045-002, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Prev Vet Med. 2020 Jan;174:104809. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104809. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
The importance of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus for the transmission of the rabies virus does not lie solely in its ability to transmit this disease to other mammals, but also in its capacity to adapt to environmental and climatic changes, granting them a wide geographical distribution. Control of this disease is currently based on culling of the vampire bat and vaccination of the livestock. A transmission model incorporating geographic and behavioral determinants of the vampire bat was proposed to direct and optimize the epidemiological surveillance and control of livestock rabies. This model was built using a bimodal network connecting 260 vampire bat roosts among themselves (roost-roost-network) and with 1557 farms (roost-farm network) in eastern Sao Paulo State, Brazil. These roosts were grouped in 9 communities, some very interconnected, and some not and the farms were grouped in 14 communities. From 2013 to 2017, 44 livestock rabies outbreaks occurred in the area, circulating among the farm communities during the entire period, with possible introductions from neighboring areas. Based on the network and environment parameters, it was possible to reasonably predict both the roosts' occupation type (harem, bachelor, overnight and empty) and livestock rabies outbreak occurrence. The network approach brings light to the importance of phylogenetic studies of bats and rabies virus. Finally, the understanding of the interactions between bats and their feeding sources, influenced by the environment, allows to establish more precise surveillance and control measures and, ultimately, with a lower cost-benefit ratio of these actions.
普通吸血蝠（Desmodus rotundus）在狂犬病病毒传播中的重要性不仅在于其能够将这种疾病传播给其他哺乳动物，还在于其适应环境和气候变化的能力，这使其具有广泛的地理分布。目前，这种疾病的控制基于捕杀吸血蝠和对牲畜进行疫苗接种。有人提出了一个纳入吸血蝠地理和行为决定因素的传播模型，以指导和优化对牲畜狂犬病的流行病学监测与控制。该模型是利用一个双峰网络构建的，该网络连接了巴西圣保罗州东部的260个吸血蝠栖息地（栖息地-栖息地网络）以及1557个农场（栖息地-农场网络）。这些栖息地被分为9个群落，有些联系非常紧密，有些则不然，而农场被分为14个群落。2013年至2017年期间，该地区发生了44起牲畜狂犬病疫情，在整个时期内在农场群落中传播，可能是从邻近地区传入的。基于网络和环境参数，可以合理预测栖息地的占用类型（后宫、单身、过夜和空置）以及牲畜狂犬病疫情的发生。网络方法揭示了蝙蝠和狂犬病病毒系统发育研究的重要性。最后，了解受环境影响的蝙蝠与其食物来源之间的相互作用，有助于制定更精确的监测和控制措施，并最终降低这些行动的成本效益比。
