Ávila-Vargas Laura, Soler-Tovar Diego, Dong Quan, Escobar Luis E
Semillero de Investigación Una Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia.
Grupo Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2025 Mar;72(2):101-116. doi: 10.1111/zph.13196. Epub 2024 Dec 22.
In Latin America, there is a high incidence of vampire bat-transmitted rabies in cattle causing increased mortality of livestock, which heavily impacts the agricultural sector. Anticoagulants-based control methods for the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) have been employed continuously since the 1970s with various methods of application, presentations, doses and active ingredients. Studies from half a century ago still serve as a reference for the current use of anticoagulants for bat-borne rabies control in Latin America. The objective of this study was to structurally and bibliometrically review literature on the use of anticoagulants for the control of D. rotundus as a means of rabies control.
MATERIALS & METHODS: Scientific literature on the use of anticoagulant products for D. rotundus control was obtained, reviewed and analysed. Articles were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Research articles from 1971 to 2021 in Spanish, English and Portuguese were included in the review. Results were visualised using RStudio, Bibliometrix and VOSviewer.
The body of literature indicates effectiveness of up to 100% in the use of anticoagulants to induce bat mortality. The effectiveness of anticoagulants for rabies control, however, remains uncertain. No evidence was found to support or refute the use of anticoagulants for rabies control.
Instead, literature suggests that disturbing bat colonies increases rabies prevalence. This finding suggests that anticoagulants may have the opposite intended effect on rabies control and highlights the importance of further research on the practical methods for bat-borne rabies prevention.
Field experimental studies that include control groups over areas and periods that account for D. rotundus ecology are needed to determine the effectiveness of anticoagulants for rabies control in livestock. In conclusion, the use of anticoagulants for rabies control is questionable.
在拉丁美洲，吸血蝙蝠传播的牛狂犬病发病率很高，导致牲畜死亡率增加，这对农业部门造成了严重影响。自20世纪70年代以来，一直持续采用基于抗凝剂的普通吸血蝙蝠（圆耳蝠）控制方法，应用方式、剂型、剂量和活性成分各不相同。半个世纪前的研究至今仍为拉丁美洲目前使用抗凝剂控制蝙蝠传播狂犬病提供参考。本研究的目的是从结构和文献计量学角度综述关于使用抗凝剂控制圆耳蝠作为狂犬病控制手段的文献。
获取、审查和分析了关于使用抗凝剂产品控制圆耳蝠的科学文献。文章从Scopus和Web of Science数据库中检索。纳入综述的是1971年至2021年用西班牙语、英语和葡萄牙语发表的研究文章。结果使用RStudio、Bibliometrix和VOSviewer进行可视化展示。
文献表明，使用抗凝剂诱导蝙蝠死亡的有效性高达100%。然而，抗凝剂对狂犬病控制的有效性仍不确定。没有证据支持或反驳使用抗凝剂控制狂犬病。
相反，文献表明干扰蝙蝠群落会增加狂犬病流行率。这一发现表明，抗凝剂可能对狂犬病控制产生相反的预期效果，并突出了进一步研究蝙蝠传播狂犬病预防实用方法的重要性。
需要进行实地实验研究，包括在考虑圆耳蝠生态的区域和时间段设置对照组，以确定抗凝剂对控制家畜狂犬病的有效性。总之，使用抗凝剂控制狂犬病存在疑问。
