Stabel Judith, Krueger Lucas, Jenvey Caitlin, Wherry Taylor, Hostetter Jesse, Beitz Donald
US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Vet Sci. 2019 Nov 20;6(4):93. doi: 10.3390/vetsci6040093.
Exposure of neonates to subsp. (MAP) via infected dams is the primary mode of transmission of Johne's disease. Little is known about the impacts of feeding colostrum and supplemental vitamins on the gut microbiome in calves exposed to MAP. In the present study, calves were assigned at birth to one of six treatment groups: (1) Colostrum deprived (CD), no vitamins; (2) colostrum replacer (CR), no vitamins; (3) CR, vitamin A; (4) CR, vitamin D; (5) CR, vitamin E; (6) CR, vitamins A, D, E, with five calves per treatment in a 14-day study. All calves were orally inoculated with MAP on days 1 and 3 of the study. Differences due to vitamin supplementation were not significant but treatment groups CR-A, CR-E, and CR-ADE had higher numbers of MAP-positive tissues overall. Shannon diversity indices demonstrated regional differences in microbial communities, primarily Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, between the ileum, cecum, and spiral colon of all calves. CD calves exhibited increased richness compared with CR calves in the cecum and spiral colon and harbored increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes in the mucosa compared with the lumen for all three tissues. Overall, supplementation with vitamins did not appear to influence gut microbiome or impact MAP infection. Feeding of colostrum influenced gut microbiome and resulted in fewer incidences of dysbiosis.
新生犊牛通过感染的母畜接触副结核分枝杆菌亚种（MAP）是约内氏病的主要传播方式。关于给感染MAP的犊牛饲喂初乳和补充维生素对其肠道微生物群的影响，目前知之甚少。在本研究中，犊牛出生时被分配到六个处理组之一：（1）初乳剥夺组（CD），不补充维生素；（2）初乳替代物组（CR），不补充维生素；（3）CR组，补充维生素A；（4）CR组，补充维生素D；（5）CR组，补充维生素E；（6）CR组，补充维生素A、D、E。在一项为期14天的研究中，每个处理组有五头犊牛。在研究的第1天和第3天，所有犊牛均经口接种MAP。维生素补充导致的差异不显著，但CR-A、CR-E和CR-ADE处理组总体上MAP阳性组织数量较多。香农多样性指数表明，所有犊牛的回肠、盲肠和螺旋结肠之间的微生物群落存在区域差异，主要是变形菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门。与CR犊牛相比，CD犊牛盲肠和螺旋结肠的丰富度增加，并且在所有三个组织的黏膜中，与肠腔相比，变形菌门增加，拟杆菌门减少。总体而言，补充维生素似乎不会影响肠道微生物群或影响MAP感染。饲喂初乳会影响肠道微生物群，并导致菌群失调的发生率降低。
