LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Life Sci. 2020 Jan 1;240:117093. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117093. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 drugs, is an area in increasing development for its efficacy and advantages in the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma. In fact, immunotherapy has been the target of several and recent studies in different types of cancer, namely in melanoma, a globally growing threat. Contributing to the increasing incidence of this cancer is climate change, particularly global warming of the past century, which has increased the tendency to spend more time outdoors and, consequently, exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet radiation. Among the most relevant risk factors for melanoma is the increase in ultraviolet radiation due to ozone layer depletion, one of the main factors responsible for the incidence of new cases. Anti-PD-1 agents like Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab allow a more effective treatment, enhancing the duration of the responses to therapy and prolonging the survival of the patient. However, recent studies about safety and tolerability have stated that, although these drugs present less adverse effects and toxicity, they may lead to specific autoimmune-mediated adverse events. Overall, immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 agents represents a highly promising area in the treatment of some types of cancer such as melanoma.
免疫疗法与免疫检查点抑制剂，如抗 PD-1 药物，是一个不断发展的领域，其在治疗晚期转移性黑色素瘤方面具有疗效和优势。事实上，免疫疗法已经成为多种癌症的研究目标，尤其是在黑色素瘤这一全球不断增长的威胁方面。气候变化，特别是过去一个世纪的全球变暖，增加了人们户外活动的时间，从而增加了暴露在阳光下和紫外线辐射下的机会，这是导致这种癌症发病率上升的原因之一。黑色素瘤最重要的危险因素之一是由于臭氧层消耗导致的紫外线辐射增加，这是导致新发病例的主要因素之一。Nivolumab 和 Pembrolizumab 等抗 PD-1 药物可以进行更有效的治疗，增强治疗反应的持续时间并延长患者的生存时间。然而，最近关于安全性和耐受性的研究表明，尽管这些药物的不良反应和毒性较小，但它们可能导致特定的自身免疫介导的不良事件。总的来说，抗 PD-1 药物的免疫疗法代表了治疗某些类型癌症（如黑色素瘤）的一个极具前景的领域。
