Padula A M, Leister E M, Webster R A
Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Padula Serums Pty Ltd, Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2020 Jan;98(1-2):53-59. doi: 10.1111/avj.12891. Epub 2019 Nov 24.
This review of tick paralysis caused by Ixodes holocyclus in Australia addresses the question: What are the key discoveries that have enabled effective treatment and prevention of tick paralysis in dogs and cats? Critical examination of 100 years of literature reveals that arguably only three achievements have advanced treatment and prevention of tick paralysis in animals. First, the most significant treatment advance was the commercial availability of tick antiserum in the 1930s. Hyperimmune serum currently remains the only specific anti-paralysis tick therapy available to veterinarians in Australia. Second, advances in veterinary critical care have increased survival rates of the most severely affected dogs and cats. Critical care advancements have been enabled through specialised veterinary hospitals that can provide appropriate care 24 h a day, and advanced training of veterinarians, veterinary nurses and technicians. Third, perhaps that biggest advance of all in the last 100 years of research has been the commercial availability of the isooxazoline class of acaricidal preventatives in Australia specifically for I. holocyclus. This highly effective class of preventatives offers long duration of action, low cost, spot-on or oral formulations and a low rate of adverse reactions. Animal owners and veterinarians now have the most useful tool of all - a reliable preventative. This review reveals the key events in research over the last 100 years and the tortuous pathway to delivering better treatment and preventative options for this enigmatic Australian parasite.
促成有效治疗和预防犬猫蜱瘫痪的关键发现有哪些？对100年文献的批判性审视表明，在动物蜱瘫痪的治疗和预防方面，仅有三项成果取得了进展。首先，最重大的治疗进展是20世纪30年代蜱抗血清的商业化供应。目前，超免疫血清仍是澳大利亚兽医可获得的唯一特异性抗瘫痪蜱疗法。其次，兽医重症监护的进展提高了受影响最严重的犬猫的存活率。通过能够提供全天候适当护理的专业兽医医院以及兽医、兽医护士和技术人员的高级培训，实现了重症监护的进步。第三，在过去100年的研究中，或许最大的进展是澳大利亚专门针对全环硬蜱的异噁唑啉类杀螨预防剂的商业化供应。这类高效预防剂作用持续时间长、成本低、有滴剂或口服剂型，且不良反应发生率低。动物主人和兽医现在拥有了最有用的工具——一种可靠的预防剂。这篇综述揭示了过去100年研究中的关键事件，以及为这种神秘的澳大利亚寄生虫提供更好治疗和预防选择的曲折历程。
