Juan Cristina, Oueslati Souheib, Mañes Jordi, Berrada Houda
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot-Valencia, Spain.
Laboratoire Matériaux, Molécules et applications. Inst. Préparatoire aux Etudes Scientifiques et Techniques, BP 51, La Marsa, 2070, Tunisia.
J Food Sci. 2019 Dec;84(12):3885-3893. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14948. Epub 2019 Nov 24.
Mycotoxins presence was evaluated in animal feed marketed in Tunisia for the first time ever. A QuEChERS method was performed to analyze the natural copresence of 22 mycotoxins (enniatins, beauvericin, ochratoxin A, aflatoxins, alternariol monomethyl ether, alternariol, tentoxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, and HT-2 toxin) in 122 Tunisian marketed feed samples, intended for poultry (n = 43), cattle (n = 35), rabbit (n = 12), sheep (n = 16), and horse (n = 16). Analytes detection and quantification were done using both liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The analytical method showed good linearity (R > 0.996) and sensitivity, the limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 ng/g (enniatin A1) to 225 ng/g (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol). Eighty-five percent of the analyzed samples were positive. Poultry (n = 43) and rabbit (n = 12) feed samples were the most contaminated. Enniatin B was the most prevalent mycotoxin with values ranged between 0.5 ng/g for horse feed and 40 ng/g for poultry feed, followed by deoxynivalenol detected from 16 ng/g in cattle feed to 250 ng/g in poultry feed. None exceeded the limits set by EU recommendations for animal feed. Mycotoxins co-occurrence was observed at most by five different mycotoxins (26%) and up to eight mycotoxins was recorded in 5% of samples. Furthermore, a relatively high copresence rate of different fusariotoxins was registered. Even if no toxicological concern was clearly revealed, the contamination is a real fact and will probably present influence on meat production and on food safety.
有史以来首次对突尼斯市场上销售的动物饲料中的霉菌毒素存在情况进行了评估。采用了QuEChERS方法来分析122份突尼斯市售饲料样本中22种霉菌毒素（恩镰孢菌素、白僵菌素、赭曲霉毒素A、黄曲霉毒素、交链孢酚单甲醚、交链孢酚、细交链孢菌酮酸、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、新茄病镰刀菌烯醇、二醋酸藨草镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素和HT-2毒素）的自然共存情况，这些饲料样本 intended for poultry (n = 43), cattle (n = 35), rabbit (n = 12), sheep (n = 16), and horse (n = 16)。使用液相色谱和气相色谱-串联质谱联用对分析物进行检测和定量。该分析方法显示出良好的线性（R > 0.996）和灵敏度，定量限范围为0.1 ng/g（恩镰孢菌素A1）至225 ng/g（3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇）。85%的分析样本呈阳性。家禽（n = 43）和兔子（n = 12）的饲料样本污染最为严重。恩镰孢菌素B是最普遍存在的霉菌毒素，其含量在马饲料中为0.5 ng/g至家禽饲料中为40 ng/g之间，其次是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇，其含量在牛饲料中为16 ng/g至家禽饲料中为250 ng/g。没有一个样本超过欧盟动物饲料建议设定的限值。最多观察到五种不同霉菌毒素同时存在（26%），5%的样本中记录到多达八种霉菌毒素同时存在。此外，还记录到不同镰刀菌毒素的相对较高的共存率。即使没有明确显示出毒理学问题，但污染是一个现实情况，可能会对肉类生产和食品安全产生影响。
