Hassouna Khouloud Ben, Salah-Abbès Jalila Ben, Chaieb Kamel, Abbès Samir, Ferrer Emilia, Martí-Quijal Francisco J, Pallarés Noelia, Berrada Houda
Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-Resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Aug 24;15(9):518. doi: 10.3390/toxins15090518.
Milk is a staple food that is essential for human nutrition because of its high nutrient content and health benefits. However, it is susceptible to being contaminated by Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is a toxic metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) presented in cow feeds. This research investigated AFM1 in Tunisian raw cow milk samples. A total of 122 samples were collected at random from two different regions in 2022 (Beja and Mahdia). AFM1 was extracted from milk using the QuEChERS method, and contamination amounts were determined using liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection (FD). Good recoveries were shown with intra-day and inter-day precisions of 97 and 103%, respectively, and detection and quantification levels of 0.003 and 0.01 µg/L, respectively. AFM1 was found in 97.54% of the samples, with amounts varying from values below the LOQ to 197.37 µg/L. Lower AFM1 was observed in Mahdia (mean: 39.37 µg/L), respectively. In positive samples, all AFM1 concentrations exceeded the EU maximum permitted level (0.050 µg/L) for AFM1 in milk. In Tunisia, a maximum permitted level for AFM1 in milk and milk products has not been established. The risk assessment of AFM1 was also determined. Briefly, the estimated intake amount of AFM1 by Tunisian adults through raw cow milk consumption was 0.032 µg/kg body weight/day. The Margin of Exposure (MOE) values obtained were lower than 10,000. According to the findings, controls as well as the establishment of regulations for AFM1 in milk are required in Tunisia.
牛奶是一种主食，因其高营养成分和健康益处而对人类营养至关重要。然而，它容易受到黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）的污染，AFM1是奶牛饲料中存在的黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的有毒代谢产物。本研究调查了突尼斯生牛奶样本中的AFM1。2022年从两个不同地区（贝贾和马赫迪耶）随机收集了122个样本。采用QuEChERS方法从牛奶中提取AFM1，并使用液相色谱（HPLC）结合荧光检测（FD）测定污染量。日内和日间精密度分别为97%和103%，回收率良好，检测限和定量限分别为0.003和0.01μg/L。97.54%的样本中检测到AFM1，含量从低于定量限到197.37μg/L不等。在马赫迪耶观察到较低的AFM1含量（平均值：39.37μg/L）。在阳性样本中，所有AFM1浓度均超过了欧盟牛奶中AFM1的最大允许水平（0.050μg/L）。在突尼斯，尚未确定牛奶和奶制品中AFM1的最大允许水平。还确定了AFM1的风险评估。简而言之，突尼斯成年人通过食用生牛奶摄入AFM1的估计量为0.032μg/kg体重/天。获得的暴露边际（MOE）值低于10,000。根据研究结果，突尼斯需要对牛奶中的AFM1进行控制并制定相关规定。
