Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Italy; E4Sport Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Fondazione Istituto Farmacologico Filippo Serpero, Milano, Italy.
Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
J Biomech. 2020 Jan 23;99:109523. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109523. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Quantifying the response of postural control in developmental athletes makes it possible to understand critical coordination and learning phases and to improve technical-physical interventions. However, the influence of maturation on postural control amongst young soccer players has neither been tested using quantitative methods, nor over a wide age range. In this study, we examined stabilometric parameters of 238 young male soccer players from 9 to 17 years old relative to maturity offset. Two 30-s tests (eyes open and eyes closed) were recorded on a baropodometric platform at 50 Hz. Participants were split into six groups according to their maturity offset, expressed as years from individual's peak height velocity. Dependent variables were: Sway Area, Center-of-Pressure velocity, standard deviation of the antero-posterior and medio-lateral Center-of-Pressure trajectory, Romberg Quotient. Sway Area was significantly higher in players with maturity offset <-1.5 than in groups with maturity offset > 0.5 years (p < 0.001, large effect). Center-of-Pressure velocity markedly dropped in players with maturity offset >-0.5 years (p < 0.001, very large effect). Antero-posterior standard deviation was higher before than after peak height velocity (p < 0.05, large effect) and significantly higher with closed eyes at some points. Medio-lateral standard deviation was higher in the youngest group of players (maturity offset <-2.5 years, large effect) than in those with maturity offset >-0.5 years. In sum, stabilometric parameters improved with age until zero maturity offset was achieved. Thereafter, variables describing postural control in developing soccer players were almost stable. No evidence of a changing role of vision in postural sway control during maturation was observed.
量化发育中运动员的姿势控制反应可以帮助理解关键的协调和学习阶段，并改进技术-身体素质干预措施。然而，成熟度对年轻足球运动员姿势控制的影响既没有通过定量方法进行测试，也没有在广泛的年龄范围内进行测试。在这项研究中，我们根据成熟度偏差，相对于个体生长高峰速度，检查了 238 名 9 至 17 岁的年轻男性足球运动员的平衡参数。在 50 Hz 的足底压力平台上记录了两个 30 秒的测试（睁眼和闭眼）。参与者根据其成熟度偏差（用个人生长高峰速度减去几年来表示）分为六个组。因变量为：摆动面积、压力中心速度、前-后和中-侧压力中心轨迹的标准差、Romberg 商。与成熟度偏差> 0.5 岁的组相比，成熟度偏差<-1.5 岁的组摆动面积明显更高（p < 0.001，大效应）。成熟度偏差>-0.5 岁的组压力中心速度明显下降（p < 0.001，极大效应）。在达到生长高峰速度之前，后-前标准差高于之后（p < 0.05，大效应），在某些点上，闭眼时显著更高。在最年轻的一组（成熟度偏差<-2.5 岁，大效应）中，中-侧标准差高于成熟度偏差>-0.5 岁的组。总的来说，平衡参数随着年龄的增长而提高，直到达到零成熟度偏差。此后，描述发育中足球运动员姿势控制的变量几乎保持稳定。在成熟过程中，没有观察到视觉在姿势摆动控制中作用变化的证据。
