Zemková Erika, Zapletalová Ludmila
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Physiol. 2022 Feb 24;13:796097. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.796097. eCollection 2022.
Balance and core stabilization exercises have often been associated with improved athlete performance and/or decreased incidence of injuries. While these exercises seem to be efficient in the prevention of injuries, there is insufficient evidence regarding their role in sport-specific performance and related functional movements. The aim of this scoping review is (1) to map the literature that investigates whether currently available variables of postural and core stability are functionally related to athlete performance in sports with high demands on body balance and spinal posture and (2) to identify gaps in the literature and suggest further research on this topic. The literature search conducted on MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was completed by Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and Elsevier. Altogether 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed that postural stability plays an important role in performance in archery, biathlon, gymnastics, shooting, and team sports (e.g., basketball, hockey, soccer, tennis). Also core stability and strength represent an integral part of athlete performance in sports based on lifting tasks and trunk rotations. Variables of these abilities are associated with performance-related skills in cricket, cycling, running, and team sports (e.g., baseball, football, hockey, netball, soccer, tennis). Better neuromuscular control of postural and core stability contribute to more efficient functional movements specific to particular sports. Training programs incorporating general and sport-specific exercises that involve the use of postural and core muscles showed an improvement of body balance, back muscle strength, and endurance. However, there is controversy about whether the improvement in these abilities is translated into athletic performance. There is still a lack of research investigating the relationship of body balance and stability of the core with sport-specific performance. In particular, corresponding variables should be better specified in relation to functional movements in sports with high demands on postural and core stability. Identifying the relationship of passive, active, and neural mechanisms underlying balance control and spinal posture with athlete performance would provide a basis for a multifaced approach in designing training and testing tools addressing postural and core stability in athletes under sport-specific conditions.
平衡和核心稳定训练常常与运动员成绩提高及/或受伤发生率降低相关。虽然这些训练在预防损伤方面似乎很有效，但关于它们在特定运动表现和相关功能动作中的作用，证据并不充分。本范围综述的目的是：（1）梳理研究当前可用的姿势和核心稳定性变量是否与对身体平衡和脊柱姿势要求较高的运动项目中运动员的表现存在功能关联的文献；（2）找出文献中的空白，并就该主题提出进一步研究建议。通过谷歌学术、SpringerLink和爱思唯尔对MEDLINE、Scopus、科学网、PubMed和Cochrane图书馆数据库进行的文献检索已完成。共有21篇文章符合纳入标准。研究结果表明，姿势稳定性在射箭、冬季两项、体操、射击和团队运动（如篮球、曲棍球、足球、网球）的表现中起着重要作用。同样，核心稳定性和力量也是基于举重任务和躯干旋转的运动项目中运动员表现的一个组成部分。这些能力的变量与板球、自行车、跑步和团队运动（如棒球、足球、曲棍球、无挡板篮球、足球、网球）中与表现相关的技能有关。对姿势和核心稳定性更好的神经肌肉控制有助于特定运动中更高效的功能动作。纳入涉及姿势和核心肌肉使用的一般及特定运动训练的项目显示身体平衡、背部肌肉力量和耐力有所改善。然而，这些能力的提高是否能转化为运动成绩存在争议。目前仍缺乏研究调查身体平衡和核心稳定性与特定运动表现之间的关系。特别是，对于姿势和核心稳定性要求较高的运动项目中的功能动作，应更好地明确相应变量。确定平衡控制和脊柱姿势背后的被动、主动和神经机制与运动员表现之间的关系，将为在特定运动条件下设计针对运动员姿势和核心稳定性的训练和测试工具提供多方面方法的基础。
