Department of Biomedicine-Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Faculty of Medicine-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Nutr Rev. 2020 Jun 1;78(6):437-450. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz080.
The gut-brain axis and microbial dysbiosis may play a role in psychiatric diseases. In this view, the gut microbiota has been considered a potential therapeutic target using probiotics and prebiotics.
This systematic review aims to find the existing clinical evidence that may justify the use of probiotics or prebiotics in psychiatric patients.
PRISMA guidelines were followed for a systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of prebiotics or probiotics in patients diagnosed with a classified psychiatric disorder.
From a total of 212 studies screened, 11 were included in the final systematic review. Quality assessment of the included trials was assessed by the Jadad scale.
Probiotics seem to offer some benefit in major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. One study showed that probiotics reduced rehospitalization in patients with acute mania. In autism spectrum disorders, the results were controversial; however a single study found that early administration of probiotics showed a preventive role. No benefits were found for patients with schizophrenia. In most studies, no major adverse effects were reported.
Although recent findings in specific psychiatric disorders are encouraging, the use of prebiotics and probiotics in clinical practice stills lacks sufficiently robust evidence.
肠-脑轴和微生物失调可能在精神疾病中起作用。从这个角度来看，肠道微生物群已被认为是使用益生菌和益生元的潜在治疗靶点。
本系统评价旨在寻找现有的临床证据，以证明益生菌或益生元在精神科患者中的使用是合理的。
遵循 PRISMA 指南，对评估益生元或益生菌对诊断为特定精神障碍患者影响的随机对照试验进行系统文献综述。
在总共筛选出的 212 项研究中，有 11 项被纳入最终的系统评价。纳入试验的质量评估采用 Jadad 量表进行评估。
益生菌似乎对重度抑郁症和阿尔茨海默病有一定的益处。一项研究表明，益生菌可减少急性躁狂症患者的再住院率。在自闭症谱系障碍中，结果存在争议；然而，一项研究发现早期使用益生菌具有预防作用。对于精神分裂症患者则没有发现益处。在大多数研究中，未报告出现重大不良事件。
尽管特定精神疾病的最新发现令人鼓舞，但益生菌和益生元在临床实践中的应用仍然缺乏足够有力的证据。
