Silva-Filho A R, Masur J
Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo Brazil.
Addict Behav. 1988;13(3):285-9. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(88)90055-x.
Seventy-nine undergraduate social drinkers were the subjects in two studies. Both studies had two experimental sessions and followed a blind design. The subjects in experiment I (expectancy manipulation) were informed they would certainly receive an alcoholic beverage in one session, while in the other one they were told the beverage possibly contained alcohol. Thus, the different expectancy on the beverage content was evaluated. The volunteers in experiment II (attention demanding tasks) were submitted to attention tests in one session and in another one they were not. Thus, the assumption that tasks would motivate the subjects to stay more sober and rate themselves as less intoxicated was studied. Each subject received one of three alcohol doses (0.0; 0.4 or 0.6 g/kg): the same dose in both sessions of each experiment. Blood alcohol level (BAL), reaction time, and self-rating intoxication scores were recorded. The variables studied did not alter either BAL or reaction time values. The expectancy manipulation changed the self-rated intoxication with the lower alcohol dose (0.4 g/kg). So when doubt had been raised the subjects rated themselves as less intoxicated. However, this change was only found with a verbal scale. The attention demanding tasks manipulation did not change the self-rating evaluations. It is suggested that the tasks performed were not appropriate to motivate the subjects to stay sober. The differential sensitivity of the self-rating intoxication scales utilized, and the role of alcohol dose in the study of nonpharmacological variables are discussed.
79名本科社交饮酒者是两项研究的受试者。两项研究均有两个实验环节，且采用了盲法设计。实验一（预期操纵）的受试者被告知他们在一个环节肯定会喝到酒精饮料，而在另一个环节则被告知饮料可能含有酒精。由此评估对饮料成分的不同预期。实验二（需要注意力的任务）的志愿者在一个环节接受注意力测试，在另一个环节则不接受。由此研究任务是否会促使受试者保持更清醒并自我评价为醉酒程度较低的假设。每个受试者接受三种酒精剂量之一（0.0；0.4或0.6克/千克）：在每个实验的两个环节中剂量相同。记录血液酒精浓度（BAL）、反应时间和自我评定的醉酒分数。所研究的变量并未改变BAL或反应时间值。预期操纵改变了较低酒精剂量（0.4克/千克）时的自我评定醉酒程度。所以当产生疑问时，受试者会自我评价为醉酒程度较低。然而，这种变化仅在言语量表中出现。需要注意力的任务操纵并未改变自我评定结果。研究表明所执行的任务不足以促使受试者保持清醒。文中还讨论了所使用的自我评定醉酒量表的差异敏感性，以及酒精剂量在非药理学变量研究中的作用。
