Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1206:329-357. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_16.
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent catabolic process. Both extra- and intra-cellular components are engulfed in autophagic vacuoles and degraded to simple molecules, such as monosaccharides, fatty acids and amino acids. Then, these molecules can be further used to produce ATP through catabolic reactions and/or provide building blocks for the synthesis of essential proteins. Therefore, we consider autophagy a critical and fine-tuned process in maintaining energy homeostasis. The complicated relationships between autophagy and energy metabolism have raised broad interest and have been extensively studied. In this chapter, we summarize the relationships enabling autophagy to control or modulate energy metabolism and allowing metabolic pathways to regulate autophagy. Specifically, we review the correlations between autophagy and energy homeostasis in terms of oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, glycolysis, metabolism of glycogen and protein, and so on. An understanding of the role of autophagy in energy homeostasis could help us better appreciate how autophagy determines cell fate under stressful conditions or pathological processes.
自噬是一种溶酶体依赖性的分解代谢过程。细胞外和细胞内的成分都被吞噬到自噬小泡中，并降解为简单的分子，如单糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸。然后，这些分子可以通过分解代谢反应进一步用于产生 ATP，或者为合成必需蛋白质提供构建块。因此，我们认为自噬是维持能量平衡的关键和精细调节过程。自噬和能量代谢之间复杂的关系引起了广泛的兴趣，并得到了广泛的研究。在这一章中，我们总结了使自噬能够控制或调节能量代谢以及使代谢途径调节自噬的关系。具体来说，我们综述了自噬与氧化磷酸化、线粒体中的活性氧、糖酵解、糖原和蛋白质代谢等方面的能量平衡之间的相关性。对自噬在能量平衡中的作用的理解可以帮助我们更好地理解自噬在应激条件或病理过程下如何决定细胞命运。
