Snow Jazmine A, Murthy Vaibhav, Dacus Dalton, Hu Changkun, Wallace Nicholas A
Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
Pathogens. 2019 Nov 26;8(4):267. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8040267.
Given the high prevalence of cutaneous genus beta human papillomavirus (β-HPV) infections, it is important to understand how they manipulate their host cells. This is particularly true for cellular responses to UV damage, since our skin is continually exposed to UV. The E6 protein from β-genus HPV (β-HPV E6) decreases the abundance of two essential UV-repair kinases (ATM and ATR). Although β-HPV E6 reduces their availability, the impact on downstream signaling events is unclear. We demonstrate that β-HPV E6 decreases ATM and ATR activation. This inhibition extended to XPA, an ATR target necessary for UV repair, lowering both its phosphorylation and accumulation. β-HPV E6 also hindered POLη accumulation and foci formation, critical steps in translesion synthesis. ATM's phosphorylation of BRCA1 is also attenuated by β-HPV E6. While there was a striking decrease in phosphorylation of direct ATM/ATR targets, events further down the cascade were not reduced. In summary, despite being incomplete, β-HPV 8E6's hindrance of ATM/ATR has functional consequences.
鉴于皮肤β属人乳头瘤病毒(β-HPV)感染的高流行率,了解它们如何操纵宿主细胞非常重要。对于细胞对紫外线损伤的反应而言尤其如此,因为我们的皮肤持续暴露于紫外线。β属HPV的E6蛋白(β-HPV E6)会降低两种重要的紫外线修复激酶(ATM和ATR)的丰度。虽然β-HPV E6降低了它们的可用性,但对下游信号事件的影响尚不清楚。我们证明β-HPV E6会降低ATM和ATR的激活。这种抑制作用扩展到XPA,这是紫外线修复所必需的ATR靶点,降低了其磷酸化和积累。β-HPV E6还阻碍了POLη的积累和病灶形成,这是跨损伤合成中的关键步骤。β-HPV E6也减弱了ATM对BRCA1的磷酸化作用。虽然直接的ATM/ATR靶点的磷酸化显著降低,但级联反应中更下游的事件并未减少。总之,尽管并不完全,但β-HPV 8E6对ATM/ATR的阻碍具有功能后果。