Department for Neurology Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2019;149:377-418. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.010. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
In addition to neurodegenerative disorders, there are many secondary forms of parkinsonism. The most common cause for secondary parkinsonism is the intake of distinct drugs. Neuroleptics and calcium channel blockers have been mainly described to induce parkinsonism, but also other drugs were suspected to cause or worsen parkinsonism. Another common cause for secondary parkinsonism are vascular lesions (i.e. vascular parkinsonism). Furthermore, also brain tumors have been described as rare causes for parkinsonism. Moreover, parkinsonism can be caused by chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which is a special case, since secondary insults to the brain leads to the occurrence of a neuropathologically defined disease. Other rare causes for secondary parkinsonism are lesions caused by infectious or immunological diseases as well as toxins or street drugs.
除了神经退行性疾病，还有许多继发性帕金森病。继发性帕金森病最常见的原因是服用特定药物。神经安定药和钙通道阻滞剂主要被描述为引起帕金森病，但也有其他药物被怀疑会导致或加重帕金森病。继发性帕金森病的另一个常见原因是血管病变（即血管性帕金森病）。此外，脑瘤也被描述为罕见的帕金森病病因。此外，慢性创伤性脑病也可能导致帕金森病，这是一种特殊情况，因为大脑的二次损伤会导致一种神经病理学定义的疾病的发生。继发性帕金森病的其他罕见病因还有感染或免疫性疾病、毒素或街头毒品引起的病变。
