CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Transl Neurodegener. 2023 Jul 19;12(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s40035-023-00368-8.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. More than 200 years after its first clinical description, PD remains a serious affliction that affects a growing proportion of the population. Prevailing treatments only alleviate symptoms; there is still neither a cure that targets the neurodegenerative processes nor therapies that modify the course of the disease. Over the past decades, several animal models have been developed to study PD. Although no model precisely recapitulates the pathology, they still provide valuable information that contributes to our understanding of the disease and the limitations of our treatment options. This review comprehensively summarizes the different animal models available for Parkinson's research, with a focus on those induced by drugs, neurotoxins, pesticides, genetic alterations, α-synuclein inoculation, and viral vector injections. We highlight their characteristics and ability to reproduce PD-like phenotypes. It is essential to realize that the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the induction technique at our disposal are determined by the research question being asked. Our review, therefore, seeks to better aid researchers by ensuring a concrete discernment of classical and novel animal models in PD research.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征为运动和非运动症状。在首次临床描述 200 多年后，PD 仍然是一种严重的疾病，影响着越来越多的人群。目前的治疗方法只能缓解症状；既没有针对神经退行性过程的治疗方法，也没有可以改变疾病进程的疗法。在过去几十年中，已经开发出了几种动物模型来研究 PD。尽管没有一种模型能完全重现病理，但它们仍提供了有价值的信息，有助于我们了解疾病和治疗选择的局限性。这篇综述全面总结了用于帕金森研究的不同动物模型，重点介绍了那些由药物、神经毒素、农药、遗传改变、α-突触核蛋白接种和病毒载体注射诱导的模型。我们强调了它们的特点和重现 PD 样表型的能力。必须认识到，每个模型的优缺点以及我们可利用的诱导技术取决于所提出的研究问题。因此，我们的综述旨在通过确保对 PD 研究中的经典和新型动物模型进行具体的辨别，来更好地帮助研究人员。
