Heerde Jessica A, Bailey Jennifer A, Toumbourou John W, Catalano Richard F
Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Population Health Studies of Adolescents, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Front Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 12;10:821. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00821. eCollection 2019.
Harmful alcohol and cannabis use are social concerns associated with a range of negative outcomes. Prior research has identified links between disrupted parent-child attachment and child-adolescent substance use. This study used cross-national data from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; Victoria, Australia and Washington State, USA) to investigate the relationship between early adolescent family environment characteristics, mid-adolescent attachment to parents, and young adult harmful alcohol and cannabis use. The moderating role of state on these relationships was also tested. State-representative samples of students in Grade 7 (age 13, 2002) were recruited and followed longitudinally at ages 14, 15, and 25 (n = 1,945, 53% female, 50% in Victoria). Cross-state differences were evident in levels of family management, parent attitudes favorable to drug use, sibling alcohol and cannabis use, attachment to parents, and past year alcohol and cannabis use. Significantly higher rates of problematic alcohol use were reported by young adults in Victoria (25% vs. 14% in Washington State). Young adults in Washington State reported significantly higher rates of problematic cannabis use (14% vs. 10% in Victoria). Path modeling showed that characteristics of positive family environments (e.g., low conflict) in early adolescence were associated with higher attachment to parents and lower alcohol and cannabis use in mid-adolescence. Sibling substance use and more favorable parent attitudes to drug use were associated with past year alcohol and cannabis use in mid-adolescence. Results showed higher attachment to parents in mid-adolescence did not uniquely predict lower problematic alcohol or cannabis use in young adulthood. No significant cross-state differences in this pattern of associations were found. The implications of the current findings suggest that prevention and intervention strategies targeted at reducing problematic substance use into young adulthood may benefit from considering the influence of behavioral norms and attitudes in family relationships.
有害的酒精和大麻使用是与一系列负面结果相关的社会问题。先前的研究已经确定了亲子依恋关系紊乱与儿童青少年物质使用之间的联系。本研究使用了国际青年发展研究（IYDS；澳大利亚维多利亚州和美国华盛顿州）的跨国数据，以调查青少年早期家庭环境特征、青少年中期对父母的依恋与青年期有害酒精和大麻使用之间的关系。还测试了州在这些关系中的调节作用。招募了7年级（2002年时13岁）学生的州代表性样本，并在14岁、15岁和25岁时对他们进行纵向跟踪（n = 1945，53%为女性，50%来自维多利亚州）。在家庭管理水平、父母对吸毒的支持态度、兄弟姐妹的酒精和大麻使用、对父母的依恋以及过去一年的酒精和大麻使用方面，州际差异明显。维多利亚州的青年报告有问题的酒精使用发生率显著更高（25%，而华盛顿州为14%）。华盛顿州的青年报告有问题的大麻使用发生率显著更高（14%，而维多利亚州为10%）。路径模型显示，青少年早期积极家庭环境的特征（如低冲突）与青少年中期对父母的更高依恋以及更低的酒精和大麻使用相关。兄弟姐妹的物质使用以及父母对吸毒更支持的态度与青少年中期过去一年的酒精和大麻使用相关。结果表明，青少年中期对父母的更高依恋并不能唯一预测青年期更低的有问题的酒精或大麻使用。在这种关联模式中未发现显著的州际差异。当前研究结果的意义表明，旨在减少青年期有问题的物质使用的预防和干预策略可能受益于考虑家庭关系中的行为规范和态度的影响。
