Center for Environment, Health, and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32439, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Nov 27;16(23):4739. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234739.
Contact with nature has been proposed as a solution to achieve physiological relaxation and stress recovery, and a number of scientific verification outcomes have been shown. Compared with studies of the other senses, studies investigating the visual effects of nature have been at the forefront of this research field. A variety of physiological indicators adopted for use in indoor experiments have shown the benefits of viewing nature. In this systematic review, we examined current peer-reviewed articles regarding the physiological effects of visual stimulation from elements or representations of nature in an indoor setting. The articles were analyzed for their stimulation method, physiological measures applied, groups of participants, and outcomes. Thirty-seven articles presenting evidence of the physiological effects of viewing nature were selected. The majority of the studies that used display stimuli, such as photos, 3D images, virtual reality, and videos of natural landscapes, confirmed that viewing natural scenery led to more relaxed body responses than viewing the control. Studies that used real nature stimuli reported that visual contact with flowers, green plants, and wooden materials had positive effects on cerebral and autonomic nervous activities compared with the control. Accumulation of scientific evidence of the physiological relaxation associated with viewing elements of nature would be useful for preventive medicine, specifically nature therapy.
接触大自然被提出作为一种实现生理放松和压力恢复的方法，并且已经有许多科学验证结果表明了这一点。与其他感官的研究相比，研究自然的视觉效果一直处于这一研究领域的前沿。在室内实验中采用的各种生理指标表明了观看自然的好处。在这项系统评价中，我们检查了目前关于在室内环境中观察自然元素或自然表现形式的视觉刺激对生理影响的同行评审文章。这些文章根据其刺激方法、应用的生理测量、参与者群体和结果进行了分析。有 37 篇文章展示了观看自然的生理效果的证据。大多数使用显示刺激的研究，如自然景观的照片、3D 图像、虚拟现实和视频，证实了观看自然风景比观看对照物更能使身体得到放松。使用真实自然刺激的研究报告称，与对照物相比，视觉接触花卉、绿色植物和木材材料对大脑和自主神经系统活动有积极影响。积累与观看自然元素相关的生理放松的科学证据对于预防医学，特别是自然疗法是有用的。
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