Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan.
Department of Prosthodontics, Z A Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Jan;108:393-399. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.019. Epub 2019 Nov 27.
Neuropathic pain (NP) develops because of damage to the peripheral or central nervous system. It results in the hyperalgesia and allodynia. In the recent years, various researchers have studied the involvement of neuro-immune system in causing persistence of pain. The absence of synaptic contacts in the sensory ganglion makes them distinctive in terms of pain related signalling. In sensory ganglia, the neurotransmitters or the other modulators such as inflammatory substances produced by the ganglion cells, because of an injury, are responsible for the cross-excitation between neurons and neuron-glial interaction, thus affecting chemical transmission. This chemical transmission is considered mainly responsible for the chronicity and the persistent nature of neuropathic pain. This review examines the pain signalling due to neurotransmitter or cytokine release within the sensory ganglia. The specific areas focused on include: 1) the role of neurotransmitters released from the somata of sensory neurons in pain, 2) neuron-glia interaction and 3) role of cytokines in neuromodulation and pain.
神经病理性疼痛（NP）是由于外周或中枢神经系统损伤引起的。它会导致痛觉过敏和感觉异常。近年来，许多研究人员研究了神经免疫系统在引起疼痛持续存在中的作用。感觉神经节中没有突触接触，这使得它们在与疼痛相关的信号方面具有独特性。在感觉神经节中，由于损伤，神经节细胞产生的神经递质或其他调节剂（如炎性物质）负责神经元之间的交叉兴奋和神经元-神经胶质相互作用，从而影响化学传递。这种化学传递被认为是导致神经病理性疼痛的慢性和持续性的主要原因。这篇综述检查了感觉神经节中神经递质或细胞因子释放引起的疼痛信号。重点关注的具体领域包括：1）感觉神经元体释放的神经递质在疼痛中的作用，2）神经元-神经胶质相互作用，3）细胞因子在神经调制和疼痛中的作用。
