Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, USA.
J Bioeth Inq. 2019 Dec;16(4):483-488. doi: 10.1007/s11673-019-09949-7. Epub 2019 Dec 2.
Discussions of the proper role of conscience and practitioner judgement within medicine have increased of late, and with good reason. The cost of allowing practitioners the space to exercise their best judgement and act according to their conscience is significant. Misuse of such protections carve out societal space in which abuse, discrimination, abandonment of patients, and simple malpractice might occur. These concerns are offered amid a backdrop of increased societal polarization and are about a profession (or set of professions) which has historically fought for such privileged space. There is a great deal that has been and might yet be said about these topics, but in this paper I aim to address one recent thread of this discussion: justification of conscience protection rooted in autonomy. In particular, I respond to an argument from Greenblum and Kasperbaur (2018) and clarify a critique I offered (2016) of an autonomy-based conscience protection argument which Greenblum and Kasperbaur seek to improve and defend. To this end, I briefly recap the central contention of that argument, briefly describe Greenblum and Kasperbaur's analysis of autonomy and of my critique, and correct what appears to be a mistake in interpretation of both my work and of autonomy-based defenses of conscience protection in general.
近来,关于医学中良知和从业者判断的恰当角色的讨论有所增加,这是有充分理由的。允许从业者有空间行使其最佳判断力并根据其良知行事的代价是巨大的。滥用这些保护措施会在社会中开辟出滥用、歧视、抛弃患者和简单的医疗事故等行为发生的空间。这些担忧是在社会日益两极化的背景下提出的,涉及到一个(或一组)历史上一直争取这种特权空间的职业。关于这些主题已经有很多可以说的,也可能还有更多要说的,但在本文中,我旨在探讨最近的一个讨论线索:基于自主性的良知保护的正当性。具体来说,我回应了 Greenblum 和 Kasperbaur(2018)的一个论点,并澄清了我(2016)对基于自主性的良知保护论点的批评,Greenblum 和 Kasperbaur 试图改进和捍卫该论点。为此,我简要回顾了该论点的核心论点,简要描述了 Greenblum 和 Kasperbaur 对自主性的分析以及我对该论点的批评,并纠正了对我的作品以及对一般基于自主性的良知保护辩护的解释似乎存在的错误。