Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2019 Nov;146(5):4033. doi: 10.1121/1.5132707.
The influence of dietary nutrient intake on the onset and trajectory of hearing loss during aging and in mediating protection from challenges such as noise is an important relationship yet to be fully appreciated. Dietary intake provides essential nutrients that support basic cellular processes related to influencing cellular stress response, immune response, cardiometabolic status, neural status, and psychological well-being. Dietary quality has been shown to alter risk for essentially all chronic health conditions including hearing loss and tinnitus. Evidence of nutrients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ischemic properties, and overall healthy diet quality as otoprotective strategies are slowly accumulating, but many questions remain unanswered. In this article, the authors will discuss (1) animal models in nutritional research, (2) evidence of dietary nutrient-based otoprotection, and (3) consideration of confounds and limitations to nutrient and dietary study in hearing sciences. Given that there are some 60 physiologically essential nutrients, unraveling the intricate biochemistry and multitude of interactions among nutrients may ultimately prove infeasible; however, the wealth of available data suggesting healthy nutrient intake to be associated with improved hearing outcomes suggests the development of evidence-based guidance regarding diets that support healthy hearing may not require precise understanding of all possible interactions among variables. Clinical trials evaluating otoprotective benefits of nutrients should account for dietary quality, noise exposure history, and exercise habits as potential covariates that may influence the efficacy and effectiveness of test agents; pharmacokinetic measures are also encouraged.
饮食营养摄入对衰老过程中听力损失的发生和轨迹的影响，以及对噪声等挑战的保护作用，是一个尚未被充分认识的重要关系。饮食摄入提供了必需的营养物质，支持与影响细胞应激反应、免疫反应、心脏代谢状态、神经状态和心理健康相关的基本细胞过程。饮食质量已被证明会改变包括听力损失和耳鸣在内的几乎所有慢性健康状况的风险。具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗缺血特性的营养物质的证据，以及整体健康饮食质量作为听力保护策略正在缓慢积累，但仍有许多问题尚未得到解答。在本文中，作者将讨论 (1) 营养研究中的动物模型，(2) 基于饮食营养素的听力保护证据，以及 (3) 考虑听力科学中营养素和饮食研究的混杂因素和局限性。鉴于有大约 60 种生理必需营养素，要阐明其复杂的生化和众多相互作用可能最终无法实现；然而，大量现有数据表明，健康的营养摄入与改善听力结果相关，这表明制定支持健康听力的基于证据的饮食指南可能不需要精确理解所有可能的变量之间的相互作用。评估营养素的听力保护益处的临床试验应考虑饮食质量、噪声暴露史和运动习惯作为可能影响试验剂疗效和有效性的潜在混杂因素；还鼓励进行药代动力学测量。
