Metheny Nicholas, Stephenson Rob
University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
University of Michigan Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sex Res Social Policy. 2019 Dec;16(4):521-528. doi: 10.1007/s13178-018-0357-6. Epub 2018 Sep 22.
The aim of this paper is to examine how nationwide marriage equality and minority stressors are associated with perceptions of social inclusion using a national sample of partnered men who have sex with men (MSM)(n=498). A four-item scale measuring changes in perceived social inclusion due to the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage was created. Respondents were categorized into four distinct political environments using results from the 2016 US Presidential election. Multilevel modeling was used to examine associations between political environment, minority stressors, and perceived social inclusion. Changes in perceived social inclusion due to marriage equality did not significantly differ between political environments. Higher levels of internalized, anticipated, and enacted stigma were all associated with fewer gains in perceived social inclusion. An interaction between political environment and external stigma was significant in the most politically conservative areas. The legalization of marriage equality has improved perceived social inclusion overall, but less so among men who experience more discrimination and live in conservative environments. Multilevel interventions to change social norms are needed to help decrease minority stressors and improve perceived social inclusion in politically conservative areas with elevated levels of discrimination.
本文旨在通过对498名男男性行为者（MSM）伴侣的全国性样本进行研究，探讨全国范围内的婚姻平等和少数群体压力源与社会包容感之间的关联。我们创建了一个包含四个项目的量表，用于衡量因同性婚姻全国合法化而导致的社会包容感变化。根据2016年美国总统大选的结果，将受访者分为四种不同的政治环境。采用多层次模型来检验政治环境、少数群体压力源和社会包容感之间的关联。婚姻平等导致的社会包容感变化在不同政治环境之间没有显著差异。内化的、预期的和实际存在的耻辱感水平越高，社会包容感的提升就越少。在政治上最保守的地区，政治环境与外部耻辱感之间的相互作用显著。婚姻平等的合法化总体上改善了社会包容感，但在遭受更多歧视且生活在保守环境中的男性中，改善程度较小。需要采取多层次干预措施来改变社会规范，以帮助减少少数群体压力源，并改善在歧视程度较高的政治保守地区的社会包容感。
