Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2020 Mar;23(2):331-340. doi: 10.1111/vop.12730. Epub 2019 Dec 4.
To determine efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using different sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) doses to assess blood flow and perfusion in equine eyes and to evaluate safety of SF6 in horses.
Ocular B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were performed bilaterally in nine sedated university-owned horses. Intravenous SonoVue® bolus injections of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mL were administered for 2/18, 5/18, 6/18, 3/18, 1/18, and 1/18 eyes, respectively. Doses were increased based on ascending bodyweight. Each eye within one horse was examined utilizing a different dose. Qualitative blood flow and quantitative perfusion were analyzed. Heart and respiratory rates were monitored nonsedated, sedated, and during first and second minutes of CEUS.
Qualitative contrast enhancement (CE) was visible in 7/9 animals. Quantitative CE was measurable bilaterally in four horses, unilaterally in three individuals, and not detected in two animals. In all horses with unilateral CE, the positive eye received the higher dose. Fifteen mL dose resulted in significantly shorter time to peak than 10 mL (P < .05). Peak intensity, maximum signal increase, and corresponding area under the curve were significantly higher for 15 and 20 mL doses compared with 10 mL (P < .05). Uveal and retinal tissues were enhanced frequently. Twenty-five and 30 mL doses revealed no CE. Only sedation reduced heart rates significantly (P < .05). Clinically relevant changes in respiratory rates or adverse reactions following SF6 application were not observed.
Contrast enhancement was in most instances dose-dependent. Fifteen mL appeared appropriate to assess equine ocular perfusion. The reliability in horses remains questionable; however, CEUS was well-tolerated.
确定不同剂量的六氟化硫（SF6）对比增强超声（CEUS）评估马眼血流和灌注的疗效，并评估 SF6 在马中的安全性。
对 9 匹镇静的大学拥有的马进行双侧眼部 B 型超声和对比增强超声检查。静脉注射 SonoVue®团注 5、10、15、20、25 和 30 mL，分别用于 2/18、5/18、6/18、3/18、1/18 和 1/18 只眼。剂量根据体重递增。每匹马的每只眼均采用不同剂量进行检查。分析定性血流和定量灌注。在未镇静、镇静以及 CEUS 第一和第二分钟监测心率和呼吸率。
7/9 只动物可见定性对比增强（CE）。4 匹马双侧均可测量定量 CE，3 只动物单侧可测量，2 只动物未检测到。所有单侧 CE 的马中，阳性眼接受的剂量更高。15 mL 剂量的达峰时间明显短于 10 mL（P<.05）。15 和 20 mL 剂量的峰值强度、最大信号增加和相应的曲线下面积明显高于 10 mL（P<.05）。葡萄膜和视网膜组织常被增强。25 和 30 mL 剂量未显示 CE。仅镇静显著降低心率（P<.05）。未观察到 SF6 应用后呼吸率的临床相关变化或不良反应。
增强通常与剂量相关。15 mL 似乎适合评估马的眼部灌注。在马中的可靠性仍存在疑问；然而，CEUS 耐受性良好。
