Clinical Pharmacology Research Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3130 20(th) Street Suite 308, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
Department of Neurology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room H3144, MC 5235, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2020 Jan;188:172836. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172836. Epub 2019 Dec 5.
A faster rate of nicotine metabolism has been associated with smoking more cigarettes, greater nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and lower smoking quit rates. However, the association between nicotine metabolic rate (NMR) and cognitive functioning during withdrawal has not been determined.
We compared cognitive function in 121 fast or slow nicotine metabolizers after smoking, and at 3 and 6 h of nicotine abstinence. Cognitive functioning was assessed using N-back working memory tests with outcomes of accuracy and processing speed. Participants smoked two cigarettes and then abstained from smoking for 6 h. N-back tests were administered after smoking (0 h) and at 3 and 6 h of nicotine abstinence.
An effect of processing speed was found over time on the 2-back, in that participants had significantly longer average reaction times when the stimuli presented did not match the target letter. NMR was not significantly associated with the processing speed change over time. Within-race differences in working memory were evident in that Caucasian fast metabolizers had significantly poorer accuracy and processing speed.
Minimal change in working memory over 6 h of nicotine abstinence was observed. Overall, NMR was not significantly associated with the change in processing speed, however Caucasian fast metabolizers displayed poorer accuracy and processing speed at discrete time points.
尼古丁代谢率越快，吸烟量越大，尼古丁戒断症状越严重，戒烟率越低。然而，尼古丁代谢率（NMR）与戒断期间的认知功能之间的关联尚未确定。
我们比较了 121 名快速或慢速尼古丁代谢者在吸烟后以及尼古丁戒断 3 小时和 6 小时时的认知功能。使用 N 回工作记忆测试评估认知功能，结果包括准确性和处理速度。参与者吸烟两支烟，然后戒烟 6 小时。在吸烟后（0 小时）和尼古丁戒断 3 小时和 6 小时时进行 N 回测试。
处理速度在时间上存在影响，表现在刺激物与目标字母不匹配时，参与者的平均反应时间明显延长。NMR 与处理速度随时间的变化没有显著关联。工作记忆中的种族内差异明显，白种人快速代谢者的准确性和处理速度明显较差。
在 6 小时的尼古丁戒断期间，工作记忆几乎没有变化。总体而言，NMR 与处理速度的变化没有显著关联，但白种人快速代谢者在不同时间点的准确性和处理速度较差。
