Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Evelina London Children' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Feb;36(2):279-285. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04413-5. Epub 2019 Dec 9.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has a rising incidence in both children and adults. Symptoms are caused by inappropriate inflammatory response triggered by interaction between the environment, gut microbiome and host immune system in a genetically susceptible individual. Extranintestinal manifestations of IBD are common and can affect any body system outside the gut; they can precede or run parallel to GI inflammation. Renal involvement in IBD is uncommon and can be part of extraintestinal manifestation or metabolic complications of IBD. Many medications used to treat IBD can cause renal damage. Renal manifestation in children with IBD can range from asymptomatic biochemical abnormalities to variable stages of renal impairment with significant morbidity and even mortality burden.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎和未分类的炎症性肠病，是一种慢性炎症性疾病，主要影响胃肠道（GI），在儿童和成人中的发病率都在上升。症状是由环境、肠道微生物组和宿主免疫系统在遗传易感个体中的相互作用引发的不适当炎症反应引起的。IBD 的肠外表现很常见，可以影响肠道以外的任何身体系统；它们可以先于或与 GI 炎症同时发生。IBD 的肾脏受累并不常见，可能是肠外表现的一部分或 IBD 的代谢并发症。许多用于治疗 IBD 的药物都会导致肾脏损伤。患有 IBD 的儿童的肾脏表现范围从无症状的生化异常到不同阶段的肾功能损害，具有显著的发病率，甚至有死亡负担。
