ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Chambaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173213, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jan;27(1):899-906. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07050-5. Epub 2019 Dec 9.
Residue analysis to detect thiophanate-methyl and its primary metabolite (carbendazim) during oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida) cultivation was done for two consecutive years 2017 and 2018. Wheat straw substrate was chemically treated with different treatments of thiophate-methyl, viz, thiophanate-methyl 30 ppm + formalin 500 ppm (T1), thiophanate-methyl 40 ppm + formalin 500 ppm (T2), thiophanate-methyl 50 ppm + formalin 500 ppm (T3), thiophanate-methyl 60 ppm + formalin 500 ppm (T4), and formalin 500 ppm (T5 as control and recommended concentration), and utilized for cultivation of oyster mushroom. Treatments T3 and T4 exhibited significant difference in pH levels during both the trials. Minimum spawn run, pinhead formation, and fruit body formation time were recorded in treatments T3 and T4. Significantly higher biological efficiency (%) was recorded in treatments T3 and T4 as compared with all other treatments. No incidence of competitor molds was recorded in T3 and T4. Pesticide residue analysis for detection of thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite (carbendazim) was done in the fruit body produced in T3 and T4 treatments using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method. No residue of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim was detected at 50 ppm concentration of thiophanate-methyl during both the trials. However, in trial II, residue of carbendazim (5.39 μg/kg) was detected at 60 ppm. Based on the findings of the trials I and II, T3 (thiophanate-methyl 50 ppm + formalin 500 ppm) may be utilized for substrate sterilization for oyster mushroom cultivation and Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida could be recognized as microorganism which could play a role in degradation of thiophanate-methyl.
2017 年和 2018 年连续两年对双孢蘑菇（佛罗里达牡蛎蘑菇）栽培过程中噻菌灵及其主要代谢物（多菌灵）的残留进行了分析。麦草基质用不同浓度的噻菌灵进行了化学处理，分别为噻菌灵 30ppm+福尔马林 500ppm（T1）、噻菌灵 40ppm+福尔马林 500ppm（T2）、噻菌灵 50ppm+福尔马林 500ppm（T3）、噻菌灵 60ppm+福尔马林 500ppm（T4）和福尔马林 500ppm（T5 作为对照和推荐浓度），用于双孢蘑菇的栽培。在两次试验中，处理 T3 和 T4 的 pH 值水平均有显著差异。在 T3 和 T4 处理中，记录到最小的种菌生长、针头形成和子实体形成时间。与所有其他处理相比，T3 和 T4 处理的生物效率（%）显著更高。在 T3 和 T4 中未记录到竞争菌的发生。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对 T3 和 T4 处理中产生的子实体进行了噻菌灵及其代谢物（多菌灵）残留检测。在两次试验中，噻菌灵浓度为 50ppm 时，均未检测到噻菌灵和多菌灵的残留。然而，在第二次试验中，检测到 60ppm 噻菌灵的多菌灵残留（5.39μg/kg）。根据试验 I 和 II 的结果，T3（噻菌灵 50ppm+福尔马林 500ppm）可用于双孢蘑菇栽培基质的灭菌，佛罗里达牡蛎蘑菇 var. 可被视为能够降解噻菌灵的微生物。
