Faculty of Modern Life, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan.
Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
J Sports Sci Med. 2019 Nov 19;18(4):751-757. eCollection 2019 Dec.
This study aimed to examine longitudinal age-related changes in muscle morphology and jump and sprint performances of youth athletes. The subjects of this longitudinal study were 41 youth male basketball players who were assigned to late, mid, and early groups based on differences regarding the estimated age at peak height velocity. The vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii thicknesses were assessed using ultrasonography. The subjects' anaerobic capacities were evaluated based on Abalakov jumps and 20-m sprint time. After 1 year, the vastus medialis and biceps brachii thicknesses increased significantly in all groups, and the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis thicknesses increased significantly in the late and mid groups, but not in the early group. The Abalakov jumps and 20-m sprint time improved significantly in all groups. The early group's 10-m sprint time improved significantly. Cross-sectional comparisons showed that after 1 year, the early group's Abalakov jumps and 20-m sprint time at baseline, its Abalakov jumps, and 10-m and 20-m sprint times were significantly better than those in the mid and late groups. Hence, significant muscle growth occurred before the athletes reached the age at peak height velocity. During puberty, late maturers' sprint times and jump performances may not catch up with those of early maturers. The speed and tempo of the morphological growth and anaerobic ability of athletes in the same age category depend on athletes' biological maturity.
本研究旨在探讨青年运动员肌肉形态和跳跃、短跑表现的纵向年龄相关变化。本纵向研究的受试者为 41 名青年男性篮球运动员，根据预测的身高增长高峰期年龄的差异，将他们分为晚熟、中熟和早熟组。使用超声检查评估股直肌、股中间肌、股外侧肌、股二头肌和肱三头肌的厚度。根据阿巴洛夫跳跃和 20 米短跑时间评估受试者的无氧能力。1 年后，所有组的股直肌和肱二头肌厚度均显著增加，晚熟组和中熟组的股中间肌、股外侧肌和股直肌厚度均显著增加，但早熟组没有。阿巴洛夫跳跃和 20 米短跑时间均显著提高。早熟组的 10 米短跑时间显著提高。横断面比较显示，1 年后，早熟组的阿巴洛夫跳跃和 20 米短跑时间的基线值，以及其阿巴洛夫跳跃和 10 米、20 米短跑时间均明显优于中熟组和晚熟组。因此，在运动员达到身高增长高峰期年龄之前，肌肉生长显著。在青春期，晚熟者的短跑时间和跳跃表现可能赶不上早熟者。同一年龄段运动员的形态生长和无氧能力的速度和节奏取决于运动员的生物成熟度。
