National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Am J Prev Med. 2020 Feb;58(2):216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.09.011. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
Workplace sexual violence is not a new phenomenon but has received increased attention recently with the re-emergence of the #metoo movement. Gaps exist in the understanding of the prevalence of this problem in the U.S., its perpetrators, and its impacts.
Using 2010-2012 data from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (22,590 women and 18,584 men), this study examined the prevalence of several types of sexual violence by a workplace-related perpetrator (authority figure or nonauthority figure) and numerous impacts of the violence, including psychological impacts, safety concerns, and missing days of work or school. Data were analyzed in 2018.
In the U.S., 5.6% of women (almost 7 million) and 2.5% of men (nearly 3 million) reported some type of sexual violence by a workplace-related perpetrator. Almost 4% of women (3.9%) reported sexual violence by nonauthority figures and 2.1% reported authority figures; 2.0% of men reported sexual violence by nonauthority figures, and 0.6% reported authority figures. For women, the most commonly reported sexual violence type was unwanted sexual contact (3.5% of women); for men, it was noncontact unwanted sexual experiences (1.3% of men). An estimated 1 million women (0.8%) have been raped by a workplace-related perpetrator. For women and men, fear was the most commonly reported impact of workplace-related sexual violence.
These findings suggest that workplace prevention efforts that do not address different components of workplace harassment may not be adequate to address all forms of sexual violence occurring across the U.S. in the workplace context.
工作场所性暴力并不是一个新现象，但随着#metoo 运动的重新兴起，最近人们对这个问题的关注有所增加。人们对美国这一问题的普遍程度、施害者以及其影响的理解存在差距。
本研究使用 2010-2012 年全国亲密伴侣和性暴力调查（22590 名女性和 18584 名男性）的数据，研究了几种由与工作场所相关的施害者（权威人士或非权威人士）实施的性暴力的发生率，以及暴力行为的诸多影响，包括心理影响、安全顾虑以及缺勤或缺课。数据分析于 2018 年进行。
在美国，5.6%的女性（近 700 万人）和 2.5%的男性（近 300 万人）报告称遭受过与工作场所相关的施害者实施的某种类型的性暴力。近 4%的女性（3.9%）报告遭受过非权威人士的性暴力，2.1%的女性报告遭受过权威人士的性暴力；2.0%的男性报告遭受过非权威人士的性暴力，0.6%的男性报告遭受过权威人士的性暴力。对于女性来说，最常见的性暴力类型是不受欢迎的性接触（3.5%的女性）；对于男性来说，最常见的性暴力类型是非接触性不受欢迎的性经历（1.3%的男性）。估计有 100 万女性（0.8%）曾被与工作场所相关的施害者强奸。对于女性和男性来说，恐惧是工作场所性暴力最常见的影响。
这些研究结果表明，在工作场所环境中，不解决工作场所骚扰不同组成部分的预防工作可能不足以解决美国发生的所有形式的性暴力。
