Orrico Kathleen B
School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Drug Target Insights. 2019 Dec 3;13:1177392819886875. doi: 10.1177/1177392819886875. eCollection 2019.
This basic review of genetic principles will aid pharmacists in preparing for their eventual role of translating gene-drug associations into clinical practice. Genes, which are stretches of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contained on the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, determine the size and shape of every protein a living organism builds. Variation in pharmacogenes which encode for proteins central to drug action and toxicity serves as the basis of pharmacogenomics (PGx). Important online resources such as PharmGKB.org, cpicpgx.org, and PharmVar.org provide the clinician with curated and summarized PGx associations and clinical guidelines. As genetic testing becomes increasingly affordable and accessible, the time is now for pharmacists to embrace PGx-guided medication selection and dosing to personalize and improve the safety and efficacy of drug therapy.
对遗传原理的这一基础回顾将有助于药剂师为最终把基因-药物关联转化为临床实践的角色做好准备。基因是包含在23对人类染色体上的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）片段，决定了生物体所构建的每种蛋白质的大小和形状。编码对药物作用和毒性至关重要的蛋白质的药物基因变异是药物基因组学（PGx）的基础。诸如PharmGKB.org、cpicpgx.org和PharmVar.org等重要的在线资源为临床医生提供了经过整理和总结的PGx关联及临床指南。随着基因检测变得越来越经济实惠且易于获得，现在正是药剂师采用PGx指导的药物选择和给药以实现药物治疗个性化并提高其安全性和有效性的时候了。
