Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie-14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie-14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
J Inorg Biochem. 2020 Mar;204:110955. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110955. Epub 2019 Dec 5.
Metal ions are essential elements present in biological systems able to facilitate many cellular processes including proliferation, signaling, DNA synthesis and repair. Zinc ion (Zn(II)) is an important cofactor for numerous biochemical reactions. Commonly, structural zinc sites demonstrate high Zn(II) affinity and compact architecture required for sequence-specific macromolecule binding. However, how Zn(II)-dependent proteins fold, how their dissociation occurs, and which factors modulate zinc protein affinity as well as stability remains not fully understood. The molecular rules governing precise regulation of zinc proteins function are hidden in the relationship between sequence and structure, and hence require deep understanding of their folding mechanism under metal load, reactivity and metal-to-protein affinity. Even though, this sequence-structure relationship has an impact on zinc proteins function, it has been shown that other biological factors including cellular localization and Zn(II) availability influence overall protein behavior. Taking into account all of the mentioned factors, in this review, we aim to describe the relationship between structure-function-stability of zinc structural sites, found in a zinc finger, zinc hook and zinc clasps, and reach far beyond a structural point of view in order to appreciate the balance between chemistry and biology that govern the protein world.
金属离子是存在于生物系统中的必需元素,能够促进许多细胞过程,包括增殖、信号转导、DNA 合成和修复。锌离子(Zn(II))是许多生化反应的重要辅因子。通常,结构锌位点表现出对序列特异性大分子结合所需的高锌(II)亲和力和紧凑结构。然而,锌依赖蛋白如何折叠、如何发生解离,以及哪些因素调节锌蛋白的亲和力和稳定性,这些仍不完全清楚。精确调控锌蛋白功能的分子规则隐藏在序列和结构之间的关系中,因此需要深入了解它们在金属负载、反应性和金属与蛋白亲和力下的折叠机制。尽管如此,这种序列-结构关系对锌蛋白的功能有影响,但已经表明其他生物因素,包括细胞定位和 Zn(II)的可用性,会影响整体蛋白质的行为。考虑到所有这些因素,在这篇综述中,我们旨在描述锌指、锌钩和锌扣中发现的锌结构位点的结构-功能-稳定性之间的关系,并超越结构观点,以欣赏化学和生物学之间的平衡,这种平衡控制着蛋白质世界。