Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México.
Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Depto. de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM e Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México.
PLoS One. 2019 Dec 17;14(12):e0226652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226652. eCollection 2019.
Glucose is an important nutrient that dictates the development, fertility and lifespan of all organisms. In humans, a deficit in its homeostatic control might lead to hyperglucemia and the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, which show a decreased ability to respond to and metabolize glucose. Previously, we have reported that high-glucose diets (HGD) induce alterations in triglyceride content, body size, progeny, and the mRNA accumulation of key regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans (PLoS ONE 13(7): e0199888). Herein, we show that increasing amounts of glucose in the diet induce the swelling of both mitochondria in germ and muscle cells. Additionally, HGD alter the enzymatic activities of the different respiratory complexes in an intricate pattern. Finally, we observed a downregulation of ceramide synthases (hyl-1 and hyl-2) and antioxidant genes (gcs-1 and gst-4), while mitophagy genes (pink-1 and dct-1) were upregulated, probably as part of a mitohormetic mechanism in response to glucose toxicity.
葡萄糖是一种重要的营养物质，决定着所有生物体的发育、生育和寿命。在人类中，其体内平衡控制的不足可能导致高血糖，并发展为肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病，这些疾病表现出对葡萄糖的反应和代谢能力下降。以前，我们已经报告过高糖饮食（HGD）会诱导秀丽隐杆线虫（PLoS ONE 13(7): e0199888）中甘油三酯含量、体型、后代以及碳水化合物和脂质代谢关键调节剂的 mRNA 积累的变化和寿命延长。在此，我们发现饮食中葡萄糖含量的增加会导致生殖细胞和肌肉细胞中线粒体肿胀。此外，HGD 以复杂的方式改变不同呼吸复合物的酶活性。最后，我们观察到神经酰胺合酶（hyl-1 和 hyl-2）和抗氧化基因（gcs-1 和 gst-4）下调，而线粒体自噬基因（pink-1 和 dct-1）上调，这可能是对葡萄糖毒性的一种mitohormetic 机制的一部分。
