Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Dec 19;19(1):1709. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-8074-5.
Misuse and dependency of opioids especially codeine-containing products is of increasing global concern. Inappropriate use of opioids among healthcare students could affect quality of service and ethical conducts of these future professionals, thereby putting the society at risk. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and perception of medical and pharmacy students in a Nigerian tertiary University on use of opioids with focus on codeine-containing products.
A cross-sectional survey among 335-medical and 185-pharmacy students from University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between September and December 2018, using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire.
A total of 178 (34.2%) in multiple responses had used opioid-containing products among the respondents, of this, 171 (96.1%) used codeine-containing formulation. Precisely, 146 (28.1%) of the students had used codeine-containing products before, of this, 16 (11.0%) used the products for non-medical or recreational purpose regarded as a misuse/abuse. In all, 201 (38.7%) had good knowledge of opioid use, with 51 (34.9%) among those who had used opioids and 150 (40.1%) among those who had not used opioids (X = 1.186; p = 0.276). Majority (469; 90.2%) had good perception of risks associated with opioid use; comprising (130; 89.0%) among those who had taken opioids and (339; 90.6%) among those who had not taken opioids before (X = 0.304; p = 0.508). Logistic-regression shows that students who experienced some side effects to be experienced again 22.1 [AOR = 22.1, 95% CI: (5.98-81.72)] as well as those pressured into using codeine-containing products 10.6 [AOR = 10.6, 95% CI: (1.36-82.39)] had more tendency of misuse.
There is a potential for misuse of codeine-containing products among medical and pharmacy students. Peer-influence and experience of some side effects are possible predictors of misuse among the students. Thus, healthcare students' curriculum should incorporate preventive programme, while public education and policy that favours peer-support programme on medication misuse is advocated for healthcare students.
阿片类药物（尤其是含可待因的产品）的滥用和依赖是全球日益关注的问题。医疗保健专业学生中阿片类药物的不当使用可能会影响这些未来专业人员的服务质量和道德行为，从而使社会面临风险。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚一所大学的医学生和药学生对阿片类药物（重点是含可待因的产品）使用的知识和看法。
2018 年 9 月至 12 月，对尼日利亚伊巴丹大学的 335 名医学生和 185 名药学学生进行了横断面调查，使用自我管理的半结构式问卷。
在回答者中，共有 178 人（34.2%）在多项回答中使用过含阿片类药物的产品，其中 171 人（96.1%）使用过含可待因的配方。确切地说，有 146 名（28.1%）学生之前曾使用过含可待因的产品，其中 16 名（11.0%）出于非医疗或娱乐目的使用过这些产品，这被视为滥用/误用。总共有 201 名（38.7%）学生对阿片类药物的使用有较好的认识，其中 51 名（34.9%）使用过阿片类药物，150 名（40.1%）没有使用过阿片类药物（X=1.186;p=0.276）。大多数（469 名；90.2%）对与阿片类药物使用相关的风险有良好的认识；其中（130 名；89.0%）曾服用过阿片类药物，（339 名；90.6%）曾服用过阿片类药物（X=0.304;p=0.508）。逻辑回归显示，那些经历过再次经历某些副作用的学生（22.1[AOR=22.1，95%CI：（5.98-81.72）]）以及那些被迫使用含可待因产品的学生（10.6[AOR=10.6，95%CI：（1.36-82.39）]）更有可能出现滥用。
医学生和药学学生存在滥用含可待因产品的潜在风险。同伴影响和经历某些副作用可能是学生滥用的预测因素。因此，医疗保健学生的课程应纳入预防方案，同时应倡导有利于医疗保健学生药物滥用的同伴支持方案的公共教育和政策。
