Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Feb;27(6):6103-6111. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07414-x. Epub 2019 Dec 21.
The extensive use of copper-based nanopesticides in agriculture has led to their release into the aquatic environment and causes a potential risk to aquatic biota. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the possible toxic effect of these nanopesticides on non-target aquatic organisms including invertebrates. Therefore, in this study, effects of commonly used copper-based nanopesticide "Kocide 3000" on gene expression related to detoxification (cyp360a8, gst, P-gp, and hr96) and reproductive system (cut, cyp314, dmrt93, and vtg) in Daphnia magna was investigated through an acute toxicity test. In general, exposure to the nanopesticide caused significant down-regulation of detoxification genes after 24 h and then significant up-regulation after 48 h. Exposure to the nanopesticide, however, significantly induced cut expression after 24 h. Moreover, dmrt93 and vtg genes were up-regulated after 48 h exposure to the nanopesticide. On the other hand, the expression of dmrt93 and vtg down-regulated at high concentration of Cu(OH) nanopesticide (1.5 ppm) after 96 h. The results of this study provide first evidence into the crucial role of genes related to detoxification and reproductive system in response to Cu(OH) nanopesticide. The use of physiological, biochemical bioassays, as well as gene expression, can help explain the toxic effect of copper-based nanopesticides and provide more insight into the exact mechanism of toxicity in non-target aquatic organisms.
铜基纳米农药在农业中的广泛应用导致其释放到水生环境中，对水生生物群造成潜在风险。然而，对于这些纳米农药对包括无脊椎动物在内的非靶标水生生物可能产生的毒性影响，人们知之甚少。因此，在这项研究中，通过急性毒性试验研究了常用铜基纳米农药“科迪泽 3000”对大型溞（Daphnia magna）中与解毒（cyp360a8、gst、P-gp 和 hr96）和生殖系统（cut、cyp314、dmrt93 和 vtg）相关的基因表达的影响。一般来说，暴露于纳米农药会在 24 小时后导致解毒基因显著下调，然后在 48 小时后显著上调。然而，暴露于纳米农药会在 24 小时后显著诱导 cut 的表达。此外，dmrt93 和 vtg 基因在暴露于纳米农药 48 小时后被上调。另一方面，dmrt93 和 vtg 基因在高浓度 Cu(OH)纳米农药（1.5ppm）暴露 96 小时后表达下调。本研究结果首次提供了有关解毒和生殖系统相关基因在应对 Cu(OH)纳米农药时的关键作用的证据。生理、生化生物测定以及基因表达的使用可以帮助解释铜基纳米农药的毒性作用，并更深入地了解非靶标水生生物的毒性确切机制。
