CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 15;269:116113. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116113. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
Copper-based (nano)pesticides in agroecosystems may result in unintended consequences on non-target soil microbial communities, due to their antimicrobial broad spectrum. We studied the impact of a commercial Cu(OH)-nanopesticide, over 90 days, at single and season agricultural application doses, in the presence and absence of an edaphic organism (the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus), on microbial communities' function, structure and abundance. Results were compared to the effects of Cu(OH)-ionic. The nanopesticide application resulted in significant changes on both bacterial and fungal communities' structure, particularly at the season application. The exposed bacterial community presented a significantly lower richness, and higher diversity and evenness while the exposed fungal community presented lower diversity and richness. At the functional level, a significant increase on microbial ability of carbon utilization and a significant decrease on the β-glucosidase activity was observed for communities exposed to the nanopesticide. Regarding Cu forms, less pronounced effects were observed in soils spiked with Cu(OH)-ionic, which might result from lower Cu concentration in porewater. The presence of P. pruinosus did not induce significant changes in diversity indexes (fungal community) and community-level physiological profiling, suggesting an attenuation of the nanopesticide effect. This study revealed that Cu(OH)-nanopesticide, at doses applied in agriculture, impact the soil microbial community, possibly affecting its ecological role. On the other hand, invertebrates may attenuate this effect, highlighting the importance of jointly including different interacting communities in the risk assessment of nanopesticides in soils.
在农业生态系统中，铜基（纳米）农药由于其广谱抗菌作用，可能对非靶标土壤微生物群落产生意想不到的后果。我们研究了一种商业的 Cu(OH)-纳米农药在单一和季节性农业应用剂量下，在存在和不存在土壤生物（球鼠妇 Porcellionides pruinosus）的情况下，对微生物群落功能、结构和丰度的影响，结果与 Cu(OH)-离子的影响进行了比较。纳米农药的应用导致了细菌和真菌群落结构的显著变化，特别是在季节性应用时。暴露的细菌群落的丰富度显著降低，多样性和均匀度显著增加，而暴露的真菌群落的多样性和丰富度降低。在功能水平上，暴露于纳米农药的微生物对碳利用的能力显著增加，β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著降低。关于铜的形态，在添加 Cu(OH)-离子的土壤中观察到的影响较小，这可能是由于孔水中的铜浓度较低所致。P. pruinosus 的存在并没有导致真菌群落多样性指数的显著变化，也没有导致群落水平生理特征的显著变化，这表明纳米农药的效应得到了减弱。本研究表明，在农业中应用的 Cu(OH)-纳米农药会影响土壤微生物群落，可能会影响其生态功能。另一方面，无脊椎动物可能会减弱这种影响，这突出了在土壤中评估纳米农药风险时，联合包括不同相互作用群落的重要性。
