Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2020 Apr;245:125616. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125616. Epub 2019 Dec 13.
The influence of pesticides on the metabolism of edible plants has not been fully investigated. Moreover, once introduced into the environment, pesticides are degraded to many compounds with undefined bioactivity. In presented work, under experimental conditions, model edible plant (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) was exposed to herbicide stress by application of a herbicide (mesotrione, 2-(4-methanesulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione, MES) or its degradation products (amino-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoic acid, AMBA; 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoic acid MNBA; cyclohexane-1,3-dione, CHD). Metabolic profiles of plants were employed to estimate the plant's defence response to MES and its metabolites. The intensity of herbicide stress was determined by measuring the changes in chlorophyll and catecholamines concentration formed in the shikimic acid pathway. Non-target analysis was conducted by LC-MS/MS, determination of catecholamines by LC-FL, chlorophyll by spectrophotometry. The highest phytotoxicity is characterized by MES (2000%-fold increase in the content of herbicide stress marker (normetanephrine) compared to a blank), followed by CHD (500%) combined with 15% increase in chlorophyll concentration. AMBA and MNBA as stress factors caused the increase in the content of catecholamines in the plant (86-160%). Simultaneously, an increase in chlorophyll content was observed (26-50%). Such diversity of the organism's defence response, also visible on metabolic profiles, can be associated with the chemical structure of compounds that are stress factors. MES and CHD, in contrast to AMBA and MNBA, have cyclohexano-1,3-moiety in their structure, which seems to be responsible for herbicidal properties.
农药对食用植物代谢的影响尚未得到充分研究。此外，一旦进入环境，农药就会降解为许多具有未知生物活性的化合物。在本研究中，在实验条件下，通过施用除草剂（苯甲酰环己二酮，2-(4-甲磺酰基-2-硝基苯甲酰基)环己烷-1,3-二酮，MES）或其降解产物（氨基-4-(甲磺酰基)苯甲酸，AMBA；4-(甲磺酰基)-2-硝基苯甲酸，MNBA；环己烷-1,3-二酮，CHD），模型食用植物（萝卜变种长叶萝卜）受到除草剂胁迫。采用代谢组学方法来估计植物对 MES 及其代谢物的防御反应。通过测量莽草酸途径中形成的叶绿素和儿茶酚胺浓度的变化来确定除草剂胁迫的强度。采用 LC-MS/MS 进行非靶标分析，采用 LC-FL 测定儿茶酚胺，分光光度法测定叶绿素。最高的植物毒性由 MES 表现（与空白相比，除草剂胁迫标志物（去甲肾上腺素）的含量增加了 2000 倍），其次是 CHD（增加了 500%），同时叶绿素浓度增加了 15%。AMBA 和 MNBA 作为胁迫因子，导致植物儿茶酚胺含量增加（86-160%）。同时，观察到叶绿素含量增加（26-50%）。这种生物体防御反应的多样性，在代谢谱上也可以看到，可能与作为胁迫因子的化合物的化学结构有关。MES 和 CHD 与 AMBA 和 MNBA 不同，其结构中含有环己烷-1,3-部分，这似乎是其具有除草性质的原因。
