Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jan;27(3):2522-2565. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07193-5. Epub 2019 Dec 21.
Photocatalysis is an ecofriendly technique that emerged as a promising alternative for the degradation of many organic pollutants. The weaknesses of the present photocatalytic system which limit their industrial applications include low-usage of visible light, fast charge recombination, and low migration ability of the photo-generated electrons and holes. Therefore, various elements such as noble metals and transition metals as well as non-metals and metalloids (i.e., graphene, carbon nanotube, and carbon quantum dots) are doped into the photocatalyst as co-catalysts to enhance the photodegradation performance. The incorporation of the co-catalyst which alters the photocatalytic mechanism was discussed in detail. The application of photocatalysts in treating persistent organic pollutants such as pesticide, pharmaceutical compounds, oil and grease and textile in real wastewater was also discussed. Besides, a few photocatalytic reactors in pilot scale had been designed for the effort of commercializing the system. In addition, hybrid photocatalytic system integrating with membrane filtration together with their membrane fabrication methods had also been reviewed. This review outlined various types of heterogeneous photocatalysts, mechanism, synthesis methods of biomass supported photocatalyst, photocatalytic degradation of organic substances in real wastewater, and photocatalytic reactor designs and their operating parameters as well as the latest development of photocatalyst incorporated membrane.
光催化是一种环保技术，作为许多有机污染物降解的一种有前途的替代方法而出现。目前光催化系统的弱点限制了它们的工业应用，包括可见光利用率低、电荷复合快以及光生电子和空穴的迁移能力低。因此，各种元素，如贵金属和过渡金属以及非金属和类金属（如石墨烯、碳纳米管和碳量子点）被掺杂到光催化剂中作为共催化剂，以提高光降解性能。详细讨论了共催化剂的掺入如何改变光催化机制。还讨论了光催化剂在处理持久性有机污染物（如农药、药物化合物、石油和油脂以及纺织品）方面的实际废水应用。此外，还设计了一些中试规模的光催化反应器，努力实现该系统的商业化。此外，还综述了与膜过滤相结合的混合光催化系统及其膜制造方法。本综述概述了各种类型的多相光催化剂、生物质负载光催化剂的合成方法、实际废水中有机物的光催化降解以及光催化反应器设计及其操作参数以及掺入膜的最新发展。
