Castañeda-Sánchez Jaime M, Silerio-Vázquez Felipe de J, Villanueva-Fierro Ignacio, García-Prieto Juan Carlos, González-Burciaga Luis A, Proal-Nájera José B
CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Sigma 119, Fracc. 20 de Noviembre II, Durango 34220, Durango, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico del Agua, Universidad de Salamanca, Campo Charro s/n, 37080 Salamanca, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 20;26(13):5925. doi: 10.3390/ijms26135925.
This review provides a descriptive analysis of metformin, highlighting its environmental presence and classification as an emerging contaminant. It examines the risks associated with metformin and evaluates advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for its degradation, including photolysis, photocatalysis, electrolysis, and ozonation. Metformin, a widely used biguanide for type 2 diabetes, is increasingly detected in aquatic environments due to its incomplete metabolism in humans, raising ecological concerns. While certain AOPs, such as ultraviolet (UV) photocatalysis and ozonation, achieve high degradation rates of 99.9% and 100%, respectively, they produce toxic by-products harmful to aquatic systems. Solar photocatalysis, despite a lower degradation rate (74.22%), stands out for operating without artificial energy and generating fewer hazardous by-products. The review identifies gaps in current degradation strategies and underscores the need for clean, sustainable methods. Future research directions include advancing biological and photocatalytic technologies to improve AOPs' efficiency while minimizing environmental risks.
本综述对二甲双胍进行了描述性分析，重点介绍了其在环境中的存在情况以及作为新兴污染物的分类。它研究了与二甲双胍相关的风险，并评估了用于其降解的高级氧化过程（AOPs），包括光解、光催化、电解和臭氧化。二甲双胍是一种广泛用于治疗2型糖尿病的双胍类药物，由于其在人体内代谢不完全，越来越多地在水生环境中被检测到，这引发了生态方面的担忧。虽然某些高级氧化过程，如紫外线（UV）光催化和臭氧化，分别实现了99.9%和100%的高降解率，但它们会产生对水生系统有害的有毒副产物。太阳能光催化尽管降解率较低（74.22%），但因其无需人工能源且产生的有害副产物较少而脱颖而出。该综述指出了当前降解策略中的差距，并强调了对清洁、可持续方法的需求。未来的研究方向包括推进生物和光催化技术，以提高高级氧化过程的效率，同时将环境风险降至最低。
