流感病毒的生态学与进化。
The Ecology and Evolution of Influenza Viruses.
机构信息
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
出版信息
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020 Jul 1;10(7):a038489. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038489.
The patterns and processes of influenza virus evolution are of fundamental importance, underpinning such traits as the propensity to emerge in new host species and the ability to rapidly generate antigenic variation. Herein, we review key aspects of the ecology and evolution of influenza viruses. We begin with an exploration of the origins of influenza viruses within the orthomyxoviruses, showing how our perception of the evolutionary history of these viruses has been transformed with metagenomic sequencing. We then outline the diversity of virus subtypes in different species and the processes by which these viruses have emerged in new hosts, with a particular focus on the role played by segment reassortment. We then turn our attention to documenting the spread and phylodynamics of seasonal influenza A and B viruses in human populations, including the drivers of antigenic evolution, and finish with a discussion of virus diversity and evolution at the scale of individual hosts.
流感病毒的进化模式和过程至关重要，决定了其在新宿主物种中出现的倾向和快速产生抗原变异的能力。本文综述了流感病毒的生态学和进化的关键方面。我们首先探讨了正粘病毒属内流感病毒的起源，展示了随着宏基因组测序技术的发展，我们对这些病毒进化史的认识发生了怎样的转变。然后，我们概述了不同物种中病毒亚型的多样性以及这些病毒在新宿主中出现的过程，特别关注了片段重组在其中发挥的作用。接下来，我们将注意力转向记录季节性甲型和乙型流感病毒在人群中的传播和系统发育，包括抗原进化的驱动因素，并以个体宿主水平的病毒多样性和进化讨论作为结束。
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